ethnobotany medicinal plants cultural heritage sustainable agriculture biodiversity conservation indigenous knowledge

Ethnobotany, the study of the relationship between people and plants, plays a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage and promoting sustainable use of natural resources. This research aims to compare and contrast ethnobotanical practices across three diverse regions: Northern Thailand, Northwestern China, and Northeastern Iran. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating field surveys, interviews with indigenous communities, and literature reviews. Our findings reveal unique plant usage patterns and traditional knowledge in each region, influenced by cultural, environmental, and socio-economic factors. In Thailand, medicinal plants are primarily used for holistic health practices, while in China, there is a strong focus on integrating ethnobotanical knowledge with modern pharmacology. In Iran, the emphasis is on sustainable agriculture and culinary applications. The study concludes that despite regional differences, there are significant opportunities for cross-cultural knowledge exchange and collaborative conservation efforts. Understanding these ethnobotanical practices not only enriches the global knowledge base but also enhances biodiversity conservation strategies. This paper advocates for increased support for indigenous knowledge systems and highlights the importance of ethnobotanical studies in fostering sustainable development.

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