This study was descriptive research aimed to determine the characteristics of sleep in Thai children (0 - 3 years). Comparison of sleep efficiency in terms of sleep efficiency index (SEI), the time spent in each sleep stage (stage 1, 2, 3, 4 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep), sleep latency (SL), and total sleep time (TST) between the night and day time would be presented. In the comparison of the sleep efficiency between the night and day time recording of the participants with 0-3 years, the mean percentage of stage 1 NREM sleep during the night time recording was longer than during the day time recording with statistically significant difference between the two recording periods at level of .05. Stage 2 NREM sleep during the night time recording was also longer than during the day time recording, but no statistically significant difference. The mean percentage of stage 3, 4 NREM and REM sleep during the night time recording were shorter than during the day time recording. There was no statistically significant difference between the two periods. The mean duration of SL during the night time recording (19.88±1.44 minutes) was longer than during the day time recording (21.29±2.06 minutes), but no statistically significant difference. The mean duration of TST during the night time recording (7.05±0.25) was longer than during the day time recording (0.91±0.10). There was statistically significant difference at level of .05. In the same way, the mean duration of SLL during the night time recording (9.72±0.18) was longer than during the day time recording (4.82±0.13). There was statistically significant difference at level of .05. The average SLL during both periods of recording was longer than TST.

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