The present study basically deals with the construction of the small pond in particular and the water filtration in general in Choghazanbil which is considered the valuable memorial of Ilam civilization constructed near Susa, Khouzestan. According to the reliable views, there are two hypotheses about this small pond. 1. The existence of multiple drain pipes shows that Ilamian paid attention to the necessity of protection system and water discharging with regard to the material quality and the weather of that time 2. When the bigger pond became full of water and the water level became on the same level with the margin of its ending wall, according to the related containers rules, the water\'s mires will sediment. In this study, with physical considerations, the potential capability of the pond to produce high quality water is proved. According to historical states of Choghazanbil site and archeology excavations; with combining two hypotheses, the real performance of two ponds is filtering discharged surface waters

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