There are two views about the presence of the US and NATO in Afghanistan and its implications for the Central Asia; some try to optimistically investigate the outcomes of NATO presence in Afghanistan positive and another view considers negative impacts for the presence of NATO in the region. Given the major international mission of NATO after the collapse of the Soviet Union has come to an end, this organization still claims that 2014 is the year in which the issues related to Afghanistan formally end. The question that frequently raises is that what positive and negative consequences has the presence of NATO in Afghanistan and Central Asia had? and How will the destiny of Afghanistan and the region be after the withdrawal of NATO forces? because Afghanistan has still remained weak in terms of defense equipment. Central Asia countries are facing with more serious threats compared with other countries due to proximity with Afghanistan. It is hard to predict that to what extent the withdrawal of foreign forces from Afghanistan threatens the security of Central Asia countries and poses what new problems for these countries. In addition to state the positive and negative consequences of NATO presence, this paper aims to show that the gap created in the region may lead to the comeback of radical Islamists to Central Asia and challenges the security structures of these countries.

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