This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of contamination with eugenol-containing or eugenol-free temporary cement on the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted across Pubmed, Scopus, and ISI databases without language or publication date restrictions, up to August 18, 2020. Eligible studies were in vitro investigations measuring the bond strength of self-adhesive cement after contamination with eugenol-free or eugenol-containing provisional cement. Articles were categorized based on the type of temporary cement (with or without eugenol), and the effect size was presented as the standardized difference in means (SDM) between the intervention and control groups. A random-effects model was employed for the meta-analysis. Out of 450 initially identified articles, four met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated a significant reduction in the bond strength of self-adhesive cement when the temporary restoration was adhered with either eugenol-containing (SDM = -1.64, P < 0.001, I2 = 48.48%) or eugenol-free (SDM = -1.33, P < 0.001, I2 = 61.68%) provisional cement, compared to the control group. Contamination with temporary cement, regardless of eugenol presence, diminishes the bond strength of self-adhesive cement. It appears that the residue of temporary cement is a more critical factor than the presence or absence of eugenol in weakening the bonding quality of permanent cement to the tooth substrate.