Space colonisation will depend on our capacity to sustain a crew\'s metabolic demands (food, water, and oxygen) on a regular basis with little to no replenishment from Earth. Plant crops are cultivated on earth to support these tasks, hence developing plant-based food production systems is crucial in maintaining humankind\'s existence in space. For thousands of years, farming methods have changed on Earth to satisfy the needs of a growing population and the scarcity of resources. Currently, these methods need to change to account for the effects of global warming. Space farming is the practice of cultivating crops for food and other uses in space or on alien planets. Food supply to space stations and other long-term missions requires a lot of labour and money. The cost of refilling and the difficulties of resupplying interplanetary trips make the idea of manufacturing food in flight quite appealing. To supply water, nutrients, and oxygen to the plant roots, specialised space greenhouses use controlled release fertiliser, a porous clay base, and LED illumination. Comprehending the growth responses of plants to space-specific restrictions including changed gravity, ionising radiation, and constrained volume is essential, in addition to understanding the growth responses to all environmental elements that act on Earth. It is also necessary to modify farming methods in light of these constraints. The nature and degree of environmental aspects that need to be considered are contingent upon the specific mission situations. This paper deals with the historical perspective, need and basic concepts of space farming. It also provides insights on the impacts of space factors on plants and types of space farms.