Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) is a common material in dental treatments but presents issues like cytotoxicity and potential allergic reactions. In contrast, curcumin boasts anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial attributes. This study set out to compare the cytotoxicity of Nano curcumin-based pastes to that of ZOE. The research involved examining the cytotoxic effects of Nano curcumin-based pastes, ZOE, and Metapex® on L929 mouse fibroblast cells using the MTT assay. Two variations of Nano curcumin pastes, curcumin paste (CP) and modified curcumin paste (MCP), were developed and tested in five concentration dilutions (1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16) with three replications. Results after a 24-hour exposure indicated that both Nano curcumin pastes had reduced cytotoxicity at the 1/1 and 1/2 dilutions compared to ZOE. However, after 72 hours, CP\'s cytotoxicity at the 1/1 dilution exceeded that of ZOE. Yet, MCP maintained its lesser cytotoxicity than ZOE for the same dilutions. The study\'s conclusion highlighted that MCP showcased a more favorable cytotoxic profile than ZOE, aligning more closely with the results observed for Metapex®.