Objective: to analyze the evolution of quality assurance policies in pedagogical careers in Chile. Methodology: qualitative study, with comparative analysis based on case studies and cross-sectional design. The analysis focuses on the evolution of quality assurance policies based on the dimensions and evaluation criteria of teaching careers in Chile. The units of analysis are the policies of the National Accreditation Commission, in different moments since the establishment of the evaluations in the pedagogy careers. Results: three moments are identified in the quality assurance processes of the pedagogy careers. Thus, quality assurance policies are rearranged in the organization of evaluation dimensions and criteria, reaching greater complexity and transversality, promoting self-regulation and continuous improvement, the qualification of initial teacher training and the consolidation of a quality culture. Conclusions: the evolution of the quality assurance processes of pedagogy careers expands and focuses efforts to improve the quality of initial teacher training. The challenges are transparency, institutional capacity to achieve a culture of quality, and the correlation between the requirements that accredit quality in pedagogy programs and the practice of the teaching profession.
As pollution caused by war is of great importance in today’s world, lots of studies have been done in this relation. Widespread use of weapons such as lead particles, explosives, pneumatic bombardment, cannon balls, chemical weapons and chemical, microbial bombs, etc will definitely be followed by environmental destructive effects. Nowadays, damage to the environment is used by the parties involved as a military strategy. Pollution problems created by military activities have plagued a lot of nations. The war between Iran and Iraq also is not an exception and it caused a lot of damages to the environment. Unfortunately, after the war and clearing the occupied territories, the lands are used for agriculture, aquaculture and other cases without investigation in terms of soil and water pollution state and the products enter the market and this can result in serious problems. To survey the rate of soils chemical pollution in relation to heavy metals, (based on the occupation period and also the clearings done) the surrounding area of Khorramshahr was divided into 3 regions and the sampling was done in 2 depths of 0-30 and 30-60 centimetres by a manual ogre. All physical and chemical tests, and also the amount of heavy metals common in military compounds including lead, cobalt, copper, chromium, manganese, nickel, iron, zinc and cadmium were measured in samples. Then, through factorial sequential design and Tukey test, the results were compared with each other. In comparison of the results with standard level and also the rate of these metals in non-polluted soils, severe contamination, in terms of cadmium was observed. Of course, the amount of chromium was in standard range but in comparison with the amounts of this metal in non-polluted soils, concentration of this metal is too high and can be dangerous in long-term. Therefore, first of all, people should be made aware of the dangers resulting from this pollution and with creating other jobs; agriculture and animal husbandry should be avoided in these areas. In addition, in long term it should be attempted to eliminate pollutants in the soil of Khorramshahr through common methods specially phytoremediation.
This study investigates the effects of climate change on alpine plant communities in mountainous regions. Using a combination of field observations and computational models, we assess the shifts in plant species distribution and abundance. Our findings indicate significant changes in alpine biodiversity, with implications for conservation strategies. The study emphasizes the importance of adaptive management in preserving these fragile ecosystems.
Antibiotic resistance is a type of drug resistance where a microorganism is able to survive exposure to an antibiotic. While a spontaneous or induced genetic mutation in bacteria may confer resistance to antimicrobial drugs, genes that confer resistance can be transferred between bacterial in a horizontal fashion by conjugation, transduction or transformation.. Thus, a gene for antibiotic resistance that evolves via natural selection may be shared. Evolutionary stress such as exposure to antibiotics then selects for the antibiotic resistant trait. Many antibiotic resistance genes reside on plasmids, facilitating their transfer. If a bacterium carries several resistance genes, it is called multidrug resistant (MDR) or, informally, a superbug or super bacterium. The emerging resistance in today’s world has created a major public health dilemma. The major driving force behind the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is the rapid rise of antibiotic consumption. This trend reflects the growing medicalisation of societies worldwide, with its identification of microbial pathogens as the cause of infectious diseases. Antibiotics promise cure. This together with their ease of use, the usually short treatment requirements, and, for many parts of the world, availability without prescription by a doctor results in a demand that is increasingly met by a growing supply of generic drugs produced in emerging market economies. The same escalation in consumption has occurred in the animal welfare sector, prompting concerns about the transmission of antibiotic resistance through the food chain. An additional set of threats that facilitate the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens comes from unpredictable disasters that disrupt human livelihoods and bring about crowding, mass migration, famine and unsafe water supplies. Conflicts within and between states, environmental degradation and climate change can provide scenarios in which infectious diseases thrive and antibiotic resistance may come to the forefront.
The impact of the cluster based mentoring system on the performance of teachers is the central theme of the research. For this study a sample of 30 officers, 60 head teachers and 500 teachers were randomly selected. The primary data were collected from officers, head teachers and teachers through survey method, questionnaire and observation tools, while the literature was reviewed for the collection of secondary data. It was found that there is a significant impact of cluster based mentoring on the performance of primary school teachers. Cluster based mentoring has modified and brought positive changes in the attitude, skills and teaching methods of primary teachers. It has enhanced the learning of students. A significant difference between cluster based mentoring trained and untrained primary school teachers was observed. The performance of trained teachers was better than untrained teachers. No significant difference between male and female or rural and urban area cluster based mentoring trained primary school teachers was observed. The problems faced by teacher under cluster based mentoring program were relating to lack of planning, no advance announcement of complete schedule of cluster based mentoring workshops and the prevailing uncertainty. The recommendations of study are given at the end of paper.
This study presents advanced computational modeling techniques to analyze ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity patterns in response to climate change. By integrating environmental data with species distribution models, this research provides insights into habitat resilience and species adaptation strategies. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining biodiversity to support ecosystem services and mitigate climate impacts.
The present work was carried out to investigate the ability of Spirulina platensis to produce antimicrobial substance against bacteria and fungi. The cells of the cyanobacterium were subjected to different extractions and the purified antagonistic compound proved to be effective against broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi. The antagonistic compound was purified using thin layer chromatography. The results indicated that the IR spectrum showed bands at 1269 cm-1, 1414 cm-1 (C-O-C), 1643 cm-1 (CO of amide), 1563 cm-1 (C=C) and broad band 3441 cm-1 (of OH and NH). 1HNMR showed δ 0.8 (-CH3), δ 1.2 (-CH2), δ 4.2(-OH), δ 7.2(-NH), δ 7.4 and δ 7.7 (aromatic CH). Mass spectrum showed molecular ion peak at m/z = 341 (abundance 0.03%). Also, the elemental analysis gave molecular formula, C15H18NO8.
Phytoremediation is a sustainable method for the remediation of contaminated environments, particularly wetlands, which are vital ecosystems with high biodiversity. This study investigates the impact of varying soil compositions on the efficiency of phytoremediation processes in wetlands impacted by industrial pollutants. By analyzing the growth and pollutant absorption rates of native plant species in soils with differing ratios of clay, silt, and sand, we aim to optimize conditions for maximum remediation efficiency. The results suggest that soil texture significantly influences plant uptake of heavy metals, with clay-rich soils enhancing phytoremediation potential due to increased cation exchange capacity. These findings can inform restoration strategies for polluted wetland ecosystems globally.
Urban green spaces are critical for maintaining biodiversity within megacities, providing habitats for various species and ecological services for residents. This study investigates the role of urban parks in São Paulo, Brazil, in supporting biodiversity and promoting ecological balance. By combining field surveys and remote sensing data, we analyze species diversity, vegetation cover, and ecosystem services. Our findings highlight the importance of strategic urban planning and conservation efforts to enhance urban biodiversity and improve the quality of life in rapidly growing urban areas.
