The objective of this work is to design and fabricate artificial upper limbs (robo element) that are lightweight, compact and low cost. The aim of this work is to use advanced Mechanical technology to design & fabricate the prosthetic devices and enhance the quality of life for amputees z. An artificial upper limb named prosthetic hand that will enable a disabled person with amputated limb to attend to personal tasks. The artificial hand has been replicated that of a human hand as far as possible with due regard to functional requirements. The artificial upper limb components are modeled by using 3D modeling softwares.2D manufacturing drawings have been generated from the 3D modeling software’s. Hand physiology, wrist physiology, and elbow physiology is studied for designing the robo element (Upper limb).It is designed and fabricated.
A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a disk harrow as a primary cultivation tool in loamy sand soil. Four plowing speeds viz. three different soils surfaces classified as low soil cone index, medium soil cone index and high soil cone index were investigated. The results show that draft force tends to increase with plowing speed and that this relationship is almost linear at speeds between 1.82 and 7.59 km/ h. Also, the results showed that draft force tends to increase with soil cone index and that this relationship was almost linear at soil cone index between 233 and 1592 kPa. The high value of the coefficient of determination recorded in the draft model equation indicated that the equation could enable anyone to predict the draft requirements of the disk harrow operating in loamy sand soil within the range of plowing speed and soil cone index used in the field.
The number of vehicle has been a well-known traffic variable that is used in the estimation of number of deaths in traffic accidents all along. But due to the insufficiency of the number of vehicles, it cannot build a strong relationship just as vehicle-mile does. In this study, Smeed equation is improved by the usage of vehicle-mile instead of vehicle number. Then forecasting dead number models were developed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method which has the ability to model complex nonlinear relationships between variables without a prior assumption. Different ANN models were constructed to obtain the best ANN form by changing the transfer functions, train algorithms, and neuron numbers. At the end of the study, it was observed that the correlation coefficients and the mean square error values of the best regression and ANN models increased from 0.936 to 0.970 and decreased from 41 960 to 20 407, respectively. It can be concluded that the forecasting ability is improved using the vehicle-mile variable on the logarithmic regression and the ANN models of death number in traffic accidents.
The use of 5-phenyl 2 H- tetrazole as a copper corrosion inhibitor was tested in 1 M aerated HCl in the 25–55 0C temperature range. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing inhibitor concentration and with increasing temperature which is due to the fact, that the rate of corrosion of Cu is higher than the rate of adsorption. The inhibiting action of this compound is considerably enhanced by the addition of KBr due to the increase of the surface coverage and therefore indicate the joint adsorption of this compound and bromide ions. In this work experimental technique has been used such as weight-loss. Results obtained from this technique is in good agreement.
Recently, development in construction industry is involving complexity of engineering systems. It is becoming more complex when faced with consideration to sustainability build environment. Lots of aspects and factors need to be considered and implemented in design, and it needs multiple expertises to deal with it. Collaborative design is conducted in order to facilitate collaboration of experts with different backgrounds, expertise, and experiences, with purposes to produce design and to solve problems. Experts are distributed to work together at same or different time and place. Many problems appeared in design process related to coordinate multiple expertises. These problems are used as a background for researchers to develop research in collaborative design area, with main purpose to find solution in reducing, managing and facing the problems in facilitating collaborative design process. This paper discusses a review of collaborative design researches from past, present through prediction of future research development. Method used in this research is literature study with focus on theoretical, contextual, and methodological mapping, which will be organized chronologically. Outcomes resulted from this research is a conceptual theoretical framework, which is a prediction of future research in the area of collaborative design. This research is the beginning process of research in doctoral program, and will be used for dissertation’s conceptual definition.
Most of marine sponges harbor dense and diverse microbial communities of bioactivity importance. Four Gram positive bacterial cultures (HA-21, HA-68, HA-MS-105 and HA-MS-119) were isolated from the sponge Amphimedon ochracea, collected from the Red Sea coast of Egypt. Bacterial species were identified based on the phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of their 16S rDNA genes. The Sequences similarity values of 98-100 % to other strains in the NCBI database showed strong similarities with the 16S rDNA genes of firmicutes (Bacillus sp.). The four bacterial species were submitted to the GenBank database and had accession numbers of: HA-21 [JQ768238]; HA-68 [JQ751264]; HA-MS-105[JQ768239]; HAMS-119 [JQ768240]. The cytotoxic activities of the bacterial isolates were tested against three established human cancer cell lines; HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), HCT (colon carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma). The inhibitory effect on these cell lines, measured by MTT cell assay protocol, revealed promising cytotoxic activity of the four isolates (IC50 values (µg/ml) were: HA-21: 13.2, 9.3 and 12.2; HA-68: 10.42, 4.3 and 5.5; HA-MS-105: 46.9, 28.6 and 21.3; HAMS-119: 10.42, 6.3 and 22.1; respectively). This study reveals that that marine invertebrates remain a rich source for the isolation of culturable isolates capable of producing novel bioactive secondary metabolites.
