Internet and Communication Technology, particularly mobile based SMS created inventive prospects for marketers. While on the other side, the factors that influence users to utilize mobile technology as a medium of advertising are not yet completely identified. This research study is targeted towards understanding the variables of student’s acceptability regarding mobile advertising (SMS-based) in the capital cities of Pakistan. A research model along with six hypotheses is used with a sample of 200 cellular phone users, from student’s behavior perspective. Regression and Correlation analysis is used to check the significance of main five dimensions of mobile advertising acceptability: Utility, Context, Control, Sacrifice, and Trust. According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that Utility and Context are the most powerful variables; on the other hand Sacrifice and Control are having weak relationship with the acceptance of mobile advertising. Although the variables like privacy and law are also important but, our results point out that trust is not that much significant to students regarding mobile based advertising.
Field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) supply on competition between canola cultivars and their natural weed populations. The experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with a factorial treatment arrangement and three replications. Four canola cultivars (Hyola420, Hayola308, RGS-003 and PF), three nitrogen rates (0, 100, 200 kg ha-1) and two weed management regimes (weed-free condition, weeded weekly and weedy condition, not weeded throughout the growing season) were considered for the experiment. Results showed that canola grain yield significantly increased when N rate increased from 0 to 200 kg N ha_1. The highest grain yields were recorded for Hayola 420 at 0 and 100 Kg N ha-1 and for RGS003 at 200 Kg N ha-1. Average over N rates and cultivars, weed interference significantly reduced the grain yield. Canola grain yield was positively correlated with canola biomass, height, plant N concentration, and plant N uptake , but negatively correlated with weed biomass, and not correlated with HI (p<0.01). Regardless canola cultivar, weed biomass significantly reduced with increasing the N rate (p<0.01), suggesting that high levels of N favor the crop over the weeds. Both at 0 and 100 kg N ha-1 (averaged across weed management regimes), RGS003 and Hayola 308 had the highest and lowest nitrogen uptakes, respectively. On the other hand, at 200 kg N ha-1 and regardless weed management regime, Hayola 308 and Hayola 420 had similar plant N uptake, which was significantly lower than that in RGS003. Plant nitrogen uptake was significantly reduced by weed competition (23%, 23% and 42% at 200, 100 and 0 kg N ha-1, respectively). This experiment suggested that canola grain yield was affected more by weed interference at low N rate.\nKeywords: Canola, integrated weed management, soil fertility, weeds competition.
This paper is a study of the settlement behaviour and prediction of pile foundations of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway due to bridge construction loads. Field test results showed that the structure would bear the loads imposed by the bridge. The settlement analysis is used in this paper with new modification. In the analysis, the effects like compression modulus, soil stress, soil pile interaction and pile length are considered. The calculated results of the pile settlement are compared with that measured in the field monitoring. The results provide insight to the settlement analysis of pile groups in soft clayey soils and can be a useful tool to analysis other types of soils. In this paper, the norms analysis are developed using a proposed empirical equation to calculate the compression modulus from that tested under pressure 100 to 200 kPa which modify the results of the settlement analysis and become close from the reality. Finally, the analysis produced logical and conservative results using a proposed empirical equation besides to the new field measuring technique using single-point settlement and liquid level gauge to calculate the thickness of compressed layer which is considered as a difficult task in the field. This scenario can be applied to the similar problems in the deep soft soils.
Earth architecture can be found almost anywhere but in our rush to make use of modern building methods, we have forgotten that it is still with us. Examples range from simple mud shelters to magnificent palaces. Earth for building is always beneath our feet and in time of economic distress, we can always turn to Mother Earth for shelter. The following photographs attempt to present the range and scope of earth architecture on a world-wide scale from modest shelter to monumental efforts, historically and at the present time. In these photographs, it is difficult to determine the basic core of the building, as it is often sheathed with more durable stone or stucco. If they seem to represent poverty or neglect, it is unintentional but mainly to show the underlying fabric. It is possible here to show only the tip of the iceberg. Look around you and you will find earth buildings where you least expect them. The current paper has shown the earth architecture and their samples in the world. The paper has shown the significant and development of earth architecture in the world.
The conception of architecture as a relicatable object in the landscape may have its origin at least in part in classical tradition. According to existing researches and information, earth is a major building material and platforms, mounds, shafts, and terraces are integral architectural elements of the environment. Earth Architecture suggests an ecologically sustainable relationship between human beings and their environments, a more enduring relationship rooted in place and in meaning through time. This paper is evaluated various application types of earth architecture.
This study was descriptive research aimed to determine the characteristics of sleep in Thai children (0 - 6 years). Comparison of sleep efficiency in terms of sleep efficiency index (SEI), the time spent in each sleep stage (stage 1, 2, 3, 4 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep), sleep latency (SL), and total sleep time (TST) between the night and day time would be presented. In the comparison of the sleep efficiency between the night and day time recording of the participants with 3.1-6 years, the mean percentage of stage 1, 2 NREM and REM sleep during the night time recording was longer than during the day time recording with statistically significant difference between the two recording periods at level of .05. Sleep has been shown to be an essential component of health, affecting the well-being and quality of life of individuals. Sleep deprivation is a significant problem. The ultimate purpose of this study was the provision of care that is more conductive to children’s rest and sleep.
Earth architecture is a vernacular architecture. Earth architecture is included various types of buildings. This paper is described various types of earth buildings in the world. Rammed earth buildings, Cob, Adobe, Wattle and Daub, Poured earth are various types of earth buildings. The paper has shown the significant of earth buildings and earth architecture in vernacular architecture. Earth Architecture is a study devoted to the architectural uses of earth in shaping the environment of humankind, a subject closely related to human ecology. Earth Architecture includes contemporary as well as historical and vernacular examples drawn from many cultures and periods. Structural built of earth presently house an estimated 1.5 billion people about 30 percent of the world’s population (Keefe 2005). Archaeologists have found evidence of mud brick buildings constructed as early as ten thousand years ago in the Middle East and North Africa, where impressive buildings up to ten stories high have been recorded in an unbroken architectural tradition that continuous today.
