An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of trickle irrigation and superabsorbent polymer (SAP) on nutrient availability and fruit production of Aonla. The two years pooled data assessed the influence of trickle irrigation intervals (3 and 6 days) and various doses of superabsorbent polymer (30, 60, 90, and 120 g) with black polyethylene mulch on soil properties, soil and leaf nutrient availability and fruit yield quality attributes of Aonla. Results showed that the combined treatment of drip/trickle irrigation intervals and SAP with mulch retained the maximum water holding capacity, with the three-day interval of drip/trickle irrigation paired with 90 g of SAP and mulch exhibiting the most positive effects on soil characteristics, and fruit yield enhancement. Plants treated with this method yielded the highest fruit production (101.43 kg/tree), followed by the same irrigation interval with 120 g of SAP and mulch (96.98 kg/tree), while control plants yield the least (66.79 kg/tree) over the two-year period (pooled data). Superabsorbent polymers not only conserve water during irrigation but also enhance soil physico-chemical and biological properties, being environmentally friendly as they naturally degrade without leaving toxic residues. Thus, the application of SAP presents a promising approach to increasing fruit production sustainably in water-stressed environments.
Previous research indicated some evidence of a positive relationship between motivation and self-efficacy beliefs/perceived competence/self-perceptions. Therefore, the relationship between self-confidence and motivation was investigated in sport context in this study. Participants of this study were 111 field hockey athletes. Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier et al., 1995) and Self-confidence Scales (Tokinan, 2008) were used for data collection. SPSS.17 package program was used to analyse the data. Descriptive statistics techniques, t-test and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used. According to the results, self-confidence was found to be positively and significantly correlating with intrinsic motivation to know and to accomplish things, intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation, external regulation, identification, introjection, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation (p<0,05). Self-confidence appeared to be negatively and significantly correlating with amotivation (p<0,05). In the light of the result it could be suggested that when athletes feel high self- confidence and efficient self-perception and trust their abilities, their motivation to practice their sports enhances. Results were discussed in line with the relevant literature and some applications were proposed.
This paper presents modeling and control of fuel cell (FC) and battery energy storage (BES) in a gird-connected which provides both real and reactive power to support a utility grid.\nIn this paper, the current controller has been implemented by using fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) technique due to its robustness and overshoot-free fast tracking capability. \nIn this paper the Control of Grid Connected Inverter is implemented by fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC).\n The overall configuration of the dynamic models for the FC and its power electronic interfacing are briefly described. Then controller design methodologies for the power conditioning units to control the power flow from the hybrid power plant to the utility grid are presented. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy.
This research investigated carbon activation by physical and chemical treatments in order to increase the CO2 adsorption efficiency by using experimental rig of single and multi fixed bed column. Physical treatment AC production was prepared by the carbonization of palm oil shell at temperature of 600 ◦C. Produced AC was fixed at similar weight of 15g for single and multi bed column which divided to three layers. Inlet CO2 gas is constantly flow at 0.3 liter per minute and discharged CO2 concentration is measured directly by using a gas analyzer within 50 minutes. Adsorption and desorption data were analysed by calculating the area under the graph by using Simpson’s Rule method. The removal of CO2 in multi fixed bed column is higher compared to single fixed bed column with 31.47% of increase performance. AC from initial production is treated chemically with Acetone followed by Benzene for 6 and 24 hours respectively. Then, it was taken to soak with several solvents separately for 24 hours. On top of that, the initial AC was soaked with Hydrogen Peroxide which also for 24 hours. All samples were dried well after each solvent immersion. Result shows that, AC from the chemical treatment is more efficient after washing it by distilled water. Adsorption on AC sample presents that AC treated by Acetone, Benzene and Acetonitrile >Hydrogen Peroxide >Acetone, Benzene and Cyclohexane >Physical activation carbon >Acetone and Benzene >Acetone, Benzene and Dimethyl Sulfoxide which are 87.24%, 86.06%, 80.16%, 78.82%, 68.85% and 48.27% of increase performance respectively.
Mullah Sadra was one of the great Muslim philosopher of last five hundred years. He was a great religious scholar as well as well known philosopher. This paper discuses his thought on education and ethics. According to him each and every type of education must have a philosophical base. In the same way, ethics is must be a part of education. Ethics has four stages and every one has to try to reach fourth stage
The study evaluates the impact of the heat waves on cause-specific mortality and the role of demographic characteristics may have increased the risk of mortality in Setif city. Studies of maximum temperatures over a period of 20 years (1990-2009) in Setif city shows the clear trend to higher mean maximal temperatures throughout the years and identifies a phenomenon global warming of 1 to 1.1 ° C. The aim of the study was to identify the heat waves that occurred in Setif city during the period 1990-2009 and describe their impact on human mortality. Results reported that the heat waves have an enormous impact on human health. The results indicate also that the effect of this parameter weathers is most pronounced for infant age and elderly population. This effect is most pronounced for cardiovascular mortality. The results allow concluding that it should establish a warning system climate-health to minimize the impact of periods of extreme heat on the health of the population.
Estimation of evaporation from reservoirs at arid and semi-arid regions is a very crucial issue. This paper presents application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and climate based models (Penman, Priestley and Taylor and Stephens and Stewart), for estimation of evaporation from Algardabiya Reservoir, Sirt, Libya. The daily meteorological data were collected from the year of 2004 to 2006 and used to develop the model for evaporation estimation. The measured meteorological variables include daily observations of air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The statistical analysis was undertaken to verify the accuracy of the studied models. The results of the climate based models and ANN models are compared with observed evaporation data from the reservoir. The comparison show that there is better agreement between the ANN model estimations and observed evaporation than the climate based models.
With this work it is analyzed the import and export of horticultural products between Portugal and the other world countries. It is used data about Portuguese international trade of vegetables from 2006 to 2010. The data were obtained from the INE (Statistics Portugal), gently given by the AICEP (Trade & Investment Agency). It is did some estimations taking into account the models from the convergence theory, with panel data and using methods by fixed effects, random effects and dynamic effects, for the Portuguese import and export of vegetables, separately. It is found convergence in all estimations. The volatility was also tested. All the tests show no stationary of the data. So, in statically means the data show weak regularity. In this way all the conclusion, must be did very carefully. This lack of regularity is a result of lack of a national coherent policy for the sector.
