Although bronchiectasis is the most common respiratory manifestation associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the pathophysiology or clinical features of IBD-associated bronchiectasis are not yet well understood. This study reviewed published studies on comorbid bronchiectasis and IBD [ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD)]. Of 53 reported patients (49 UC and 4 CD), 21 were men (39.6%) and 32 were women (60.4%). IBD preceded bronchiectasis in 98.0% (50/51), excluding two with almost simultaneous onset. After surgery for IBD, bronchiectasis developed in 45.3% (24/53) of patients. Moreover, bronchiectasis developed within a year after surgery in 15 (62.5%) among 24 patients. However, distinguishing IBD-associated bronchiectasis from unrelated bronchiectasis and IBD comorbidity was difficult.
Abstract\nWomen\'s health is of particular importance across the globe. Women serve as the forerunners of entire generations which is a convincing factor why the health of their reproductive organs requires adequate attention to combat vaginal infections, which are the most prevalent of all. Dozens of microorganisms inhabit the vagina, turning it into a complex environment, with some of these posing a risk to women\'s health. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of bacterial vaginosis based on its prevalence. The study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2021 at the Microbiologic/Bacteriologic Laboratory of the Regional Directorate of Health in Korça. A total of 3175 women aged 14 to 45, and older, participated in the study. The method employed to assess antibiotic resistance of the most prevalent bacterial infections was the disc diffusion method (a modified version of the Kirby-Bauer method). Consequently, some 2174 women out of a total of 3175, or 67.62% of women resulted having positive vaginal cultures. The highest frequency of infection was observed among women aged 45 years or younger, followed by those aged 36-45 and 26-35. Conversely, a low frequency of infection was noted among those aged 1 to 14. Escherichia coli emerged as the most prevalent bacteria, followed by Staphylococcus spp. Among the most tested antibiotics, pathogenic bacteria exhibited one-fold, two-fold, and multi-fold resistances. However, following the Covid-19 pandemic in 2021, E. coli exhibited increased resistance to Azithromycin, which was widely administered during the pandemic. We conclude that in order to mitigate antibiotic resistance and enhance the efficacy of treatment for vaginal infections, it is imperative to alter antibiotic treatment protocols.\nKeywords: antibiotic resistance, vaginal infection, Staphylococcus spp., E coli.
Effect of different oilseeds and pulses-based cropping system on system productivity were studied. Results indicated that system productivity of different cropping system in terms of chickpea-equivalent yield was significantly higher under field pea–greengram system with 2.79 t/ha and 2.97t/ha during 2014–15 and 2015–16, respectively. Field pea–greengram system recorded significantly highest production efficiency with 12.99 and 14.20 kg/ha/day during the period of experimentation. However, land-use efficiency was higher in chickpea–soybean (79.73%) followed by gobhi sarson–soybean (76.73%) than other systems.Significantly highest available nitrogen and potassium in soil was recorded in field pea-greengram. On the other hand, numerically higher available phosphorus and sulphur was observed in mustard-greengram system. Highest water use efficiency and net returns ( 58598 ha/year) was recorded in field pea-greengram system.
A research employing seed-originated germplasm collected from several places in Jammu sub-tropics, J&K (UT), was conducted between 2015 and 2021 in order to choose better strains of kagzi lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). The objective was to identify genotypes with better fruit quality in terms of total soluble solids (˚Brix), acidity (%), peel thickness (cm), juice content (%), ascorbic acid (mg/100g of juice). The findings of the factor analysis showed that the KL3 and KL13 had the highest TSS (7.67 ˚Brix), KL1 and KL11 had the maximum acidity (6.79 %), KL1 and KL11 strain had the lowest peel thickness (1.44 mm), KL1 and KL11 had maximum juice content (46.00%), KL1, KL5 and KL11 had maximum ascorbic acid (23.50 mg/100 ml of juice). This study shows the need of choosing superior genotypes for enhanced fruit quality and output while shedding information on the genetic variety of kagzi lime germplasm in Jammu sub-tropics. The results of this study might be used to create breeding programs and encourage the growth of high-quality kagzi lime cultivation in the area.
The world is currently being faced with inevitable changes and disruptive innovations altering the status quo, redirecting activities and reassigning roles. These deviations which are accentuated by digitalization and driven by Information Communication Technology is radically changing the trajectory of human way of life with the aim of meeting some specific needs of the immediate society. Lately, and in the advent of fourth industrial revolution, AI has innovatively permeated almost every aspect of human endeavor with greater tendency of displacing mostly professionals in their various fields. Like many other endeavors and service providers, law and legal practice are not spared from the current inexplicable displacement which is an inevitable consequence of AI. This paper interrogates the readiness of legal practice and existing legal frameworks in Nigeria to match with the advancement championed by AI. Although AI is arguably not a very perfect innovation, the findings of this article reveal that there is dearth of relevant skills, expertise and inadequate legal framework to match the demands of the current waves. It therefore offers recommendations which suggest that AI and human would be seen to play complementary roles rather than AI being perceived as imminent threat to human roles.
ABSTRACT\n\nTo solve corruption problems, the root causes of it should be diagnosed and the factors which support corruption should be determined. One of the important facilitators of corrupt transactions is intermediaries. They make corrupt dealings less risky and thus increase corruption. Even worse are ‘spurious’ intermediaries, who obtain bribes from people seeking public services by pretending that they are essential for a transaction to happen, although in reality they have no such influence . This deception can occur even if the officer providing the public service in question is honest. The simple game theoretical model formulated in this article tries to capture the mechanisms behind a deception process like this. From the solutions of the model, some policy recommendations to prevent such a process from occurring are derived.
Abstract\nIn this paper, we present new indices for estimating technical change, return to scale, and TFP growth. These indices, Modified General Index (MGI), Generalized Modified General Index (GMGI) and General Time Trend index (GTTI), are a generalization of the General Index. The results of the study suggest that for the estimation of technical change, return to scale, and TFP growth, the MGI method is appropriate when we have time series data or panel data with limited cross section data. When there is a need to compare irregular periods of time (for evaluation plan or policies), we suggest the GMGI method and when we have time series data or panel data with limited cross section data, and a trend in every period, we propose the GTTI method..\nKeywords: Productivity, Technical Change, Modified General Index, Generalized Modified General Index, and General Time Trend index.
The moment, maximum likelihood and mixture of the estimators of parameters of the Rayleigh distribution are derived with presence of k outliers generated from Gamma distribution. These estimators are compared empirically when all the parameters are unknown; their Bias and MSE are investigated with the help of numerical technique. We have shown that these estimators are asymptotically unbiased. At the end, we conclude that mixture estimators are better than the maximum likelihood and moment estimators.
Purpose:: Night workers have complained about poor performance, sleepiness and sleep disorders, due to the lack of harmony between Circadian Rhythm and night work. \nMethods: This Cross-sectional study carried out on 80 night shift workers who subjected to warm air during their shift work. The level of sleepiness, using Standard Sleepiness Scale Questionnaire, and oral temperature was measured during two consecutive nights.\nResults: We observed a linear increasing trend for sleepiness scale (P-value<0.001). However, the mean of oral temperature had an increasing trend from 11pm to 1am and a decreasing trend afterward (P-value<0.001). Moreover, we found the sleepiness scale was decreased significantly by increasing the level of oral temperature among night shift workers(r=0.24; P-value=0.03)\nConclusion: After some hours of being subjected to warm air during night shift work, oral temperature has an inverse relation to sleepiness. In a way that, the level of sleepiness increase by decreasing oral temperature.\nKey words: Night work, Sleepiness, Oral temperature.
The theoretical literature of economics offers a hybrid viewpoint on the relationship between the phenomenon of corruption and economic growth. On the one hand, a group of economic theories believe that by ignoring the inefficient and flexible rules and regulations that imposed by government especially in the less developed countries, the corruption can lead to increase economic growth, but on the other hand, another group of theories consider the corruption as a force which damages to the proper functioning of markets and leads to reduce the economic growth. In most of the studies in order to extirpate the corruption, it has been suggested to reform the public management through the institutionalization of the control in the political system, development of civil society, increasing the accountability of political authorities, increasing the competition in the economical sector. But today administrative and financial corruptions are still the most important issues. Undoubtedly, an administrative system mingled with financial corruption cannot be a proper managerial tool for a constant development so in addition to identify the factors affect on the administrative and financial corruptions of the Rasht bank’s staff and examining the radical causes of the formation and persistence of corruption, has been attempted to suggest some appropriate strategies for eliminating or reducing it too.
In this paper, the seismic activity of glacial area (northern Pakistan) is compared with the planar area (upper Punjab) by with reference to the focus range of earthquakes. The seismic data is of duration 1961-2004 and is provided by Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). In the latest studies conducted over northern Pakistan, a positive correlation between temperature increase and earthquake frequency has been found. As rising temperature is causing the glaciers of northern Pakistan to melt and the earth may possibly rebounding in response to this decreased load, to cause earthquakes. The focus range, resulting from expected rebound in northern Pakistan, is 0-160 km. Due to this expected loss in mass of glaciers, the discharge of various water tributaries should also increase with time that pass through the planar areas of upper Punjab. Due to possibly increasing discharge, the potential of rivers for erosion, transportation and deposition of sediments may also increase. So, it means that the balance across faults is being disturbed due to this expected relocation of sediments. As a result of this balance shift, the faults are responding in form of earthquakes in the upper Punjab. The focus range of planar area (upper Punjab) that correlates with the temperature increase in glaciated area (northern Pakistan) is 0-40 km.
