Trust, includes an important theoretical and practical importance to study governmental and non-governmental organizations. Trust leads to effective performance because it encourages relevant and appropriate information exchange between citizens and organizations. The present study was designed To present of pattern to relate trust inter-organization & public trust in public organization in sector of Iran .Methods in the present research are in the way that researcher after reviewing basics of theoretical research (organizational trust and external trust) components that have been extracted among investigation involving eight components, including benevolence, competence, accountability, justice, trust worthy, participation, commitment, empathy. Then expertise test have been taken that the four components of the model was removed and the two components was added to the model, and finally six components of , benevolence, competence, accountability, justice, honesty and transparency have been confirmed as the final components. Model claims that if there is no different between components of trust in. Inter-organization and components of trust in external organization, it equals with citizen’s satisfactory which separate questionnaire is to test claim above, for assessing client’s satisfactory.
The adaptation of artificial neural network (ANN) weights using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) is a well known mechanism used to improve the performance of ANN to model manufacturing non-linear processes. GAs is capable on finding the best set of weights for the ANN and avoids being trapping in local minimum as in the case of Backpropagation (BP) learning algorithm. However, the learning process still suffer from being slow since the evolutionary processes based GAs takes tremendous amount of time especially if the modeling process is highly complex. To recover from this problem, Parallel Genetic Algorithms (PGAs) is proposed to evolve the ANN weight in the process of modeling the winding machine in the Aluminum factory. A comparison is made to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach between ANN-BP, ANN-GAs and ANN-PGAs. The obtained results are promising.
This paper proposes a sliding mode control strategy for a chaotic nonlinear mathematical model of HIV that called HIV infection $CD_4^+$ T-cells. Using the sliding mode control technique and based on Lyapunov function stability theory, a sliding surface ($SS$) is determined and equivalent control $u_{eq}$ law will be introduced to stabilize the chaotic system. Lyapunove function is constructed to establish the global asymptotic stability of the uninfected and infected steady states by describing sliding surface ($SS$), after that by considering the derivation of $SS$ as zero, someone can achieve the equivalent control that inbreed system stays on $SS$ and tends to equilibrium point in infinite horizon. In addition, numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed sliding mode control scheme.
Tripura is a small Northeastern state (approximate Longitude 920E, Latitude 230N) of India comprising of several water bodies and fish farms. Where, morphological deformity in fishes has been reported in various species and was attributed to various factors viz, nutritional deficiency, stressed conditions in the ecosystem and genetic factors. The present study reports for the first time some innate deformities such as absence of one operculum, eye; two conjoint baby fish; scoliosis like lateral undulation of spinal cord; bending in caudal fin in different fishes and absence of caudal fin. Etiological agents are supposed to be related to genetics due to inbreeding problems. And further detailed studies are needed for ascertaining the actual causatives.
The long-term planning problem for improving the distribution system faces with lots of complexities due to its large number of decision variables. The optimized placement of distributed generation (DG) sources and finding out their capacity in the restructured power environment is a new way to expand the capacity of the distribution firm covered network. In this paper, a new method is proposed for finding out the optimized location and capacity of DG sources in the restructured environment through the net present value analysis using an optimization model. This model aims to minimize the investment cost of the distribution firm, utility cost and the losses cost considering the anticipated load peak value. Considering the power market price anticipation to be indefinite, the proposed method is based on laying out the genetic algorithm and a fuzzy model to the power market price and the capacity expansion design of the distribution system during different time intervals is proposed along with two static and semi-dynamic methods. The efficiency of the proposed approach is well shown applying it to a sample network.
Although the MMN can be elicited in auditory modality, it remains unclear whether there is an analogous automatic deviant-related negativity elicited outside the auditory modality. The present study employed simultaneous audio-visual stimulus in the oddball paradigm to re-examine the effects of attention on audio, visual and audio-visual perception. This study was designed to investigate whether task-related processing of audio and visual features was independent or task-related processing in one modality might influence the processing of the other. Electroencephalographic (EEG) was recorded from 12 normal subjects. None of them had more than three years of formal musical training and none had any musical training within the past five years. Stimuli consisted of a set of four audio-visual stimuli that are distinguished by frequencies (Hz) for audio and features for visual appearing on the computer screen. ANOVA showed statistically significant of the interaction between electrode site and modality. The difference waves with 100-200 ms latency at the anterior sites were markedly different to the posterior sites. The emergence of posterior negativity in the audio-visual modality might not be attributed to visual discrimination process as it did not appear in the visual modality. The findings reveal the processing of a feature, hierarchically dependent on another feature in the audiovisual perception.
The present study investigates the surface water quality of three important tributaries of Jakara Basin, northwestern Nigeria to provide an overview of the relationship and sources of physico-chemical and biological parameters. A total of 405 water samples were collected from 27 sampling points and analyzed for 13 parameters: dissolved oxygen (DO), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), pH, ammonical nitrogen (NH3), dissolved solids (DS), total solids (TS), nitrates (NO3), chloride (Cl), phosphates (PO4), Escherichia-coli (E-coli) and Faecal-coliforms bacteria (F-coli). Pearson’s correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to distinguish the main pollution sources in the basin. Four varimax components were extracted from PCA, which explained 84.88%, 83.59% and 78.68% of the variation in the surface water quality for Jakara, Tsakama and Gama-Kwari Rivers respectively. Strong positive loading included BOD5, COD, NH3, E-coli, and F-coli with negative loading on DO were revealed attributed to a domestic waste water pollution source. One-way ANOVA showed that there are no significant differences in the mean of the three water bodies (P > 0.05). It is therefore recommended that government should be more effective in controlling the point source pollution in the area.
