In any society, due to their age (up to 18 years), minors constitute one of the most important and vulnerable groups. Thus, their treatment and protection is of particular importance, especially when they break the law and come into contact with criminal justice. Therefore, for the treatment of minors in contact with the law, we must have not only a friendly and functional justice system, but also a set of other actors involved in the process. This means that it is necessary to have special programs aimed at studying and dealing with issues for minors in conflict with the law. Programs, which are created and operate also at institutions, such as universities, that have a great importance and impact on society. This project aims to enable the creation in Albania, according to the best practices of the European Union countries, a specific program, with the object of treating minors in conflict with the law. The Code of Criminal Justice for Minors, the first in the history of Albania, has brought a new approach to the criminal justice system by putting the minor at the center, strengthening the justice system in accordance with the principles of the United Nations Convention on Children's Rights. Approximately five years have passed since the adoption of the Code and there are no institutional structures, special programs or specialized personnel for the treatment of minors in conflict with the criminal law. Therefore, it is intended to create a special program for the treatment of minors in conflict with the law in Albania, from the Faculty of Law, University of Tirana.
On the criminal offenses in the field of cybernetics also includes those of a racist and xenophobic nature that are committed through computer systems. The provision of these offenses has come as a result of the implementation of the Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime on the penalization of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems, ratified by the Albanian state through law no. 9262, dated 29.7. 2004 "For the ratification of the "Additional Protocol to the convention on cybercrime, for the criminalization of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems". The criminal offenses transposed by this protocol into the criminal law are: "Computer distribution of pro-genocide materials or crimes against humanity" 1 , "Threats with motives of racism and xenophobia through the computer system" 2 , "Distribution of racist or xenophobic materials through the computer system" 3and "Insult with motives of racism or xenophobia through the computer system" 4 . The common element between them is the racist and xenophobic motive, as well as the fact that their realization is always accomplished through a computer system. The criminalization of the actions of the objective side of these criminal offenses is consistent with the goal of fighting cybercrime, which is increasingly being updated and bringing a variety of methods of execution and consequences. Referring to the data published by the General Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Albania, the applicability of these provisions in practice has been very low, not to mention zero in some years. Based on these figures, in order to apply these provisions in practice, it is necessary to study and analyze in detail the four provisions above. Under this study need, in this paper we will deal in detail only with the criminal offense " Computer distribution of pro-genocide materials or crimes against humanity", provided by article 74/a, of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania. Specifically, in its content you will find the criminal legal analysis of this criminal offense, current discussions on the efficiency of the norm and the need for its change, as well as practical cases of the ECHR on the consummation of this criminal offense. At the end of the paper, taking into consideration everything that we have dealt with in the entirety of the paper, we have prepared conclusions and recommendations, the applicability of which in practice brings improvement both within a good and efficient legal provision, and in function of applicability of this provision in practice. Field: Material criminal law Keywords: Computer distribution of pro-genocide or crimes against humanity materials
Tick infestation poses a major threat to the lifestyle of livestock. The main tick species found in domestic animals of India is Rhipicephalus [Boophilus] microplus. Several plants have the ability to inhibit the growth of the ticks in domestic animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal activity of Acaricidal activity of Eucalyptus essential oil based nanoformulations against Ticks. Eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion was formulated in 1:1 ratio. The formulated eucalyptus oilnanoemulsion was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, Fourier Transformed Infrared Analysis . The nanoemulsion droplets were found to have a Z-average diameter of 55.67nm and were spherical in shape. Efficacy of eucalyptus based nanoemulsion against ticks were tested based on In vitro and In Vivo test. The histopathology of tick -treated and untreated nanoemulsion was analyzed.
This paper presents a feminist comparative analysis of siSwati prose, which was published in different eras such as the last decade of the 20th century, as well as the first and second decades of the 21st century. The purpose is to examine the role played by these stories in portraying women\'s struggles and triumphs in their fight for liberation, in a cultural and patriarchal ESwatini. The focus will be on two selected short stories, which were published in different eras, as well as a novel. The short stories are \'Lijazi Lensimbi\' by Oscar J. Sibandze, from the anthology Idubukele by E. T. Mthembu, and \'Sewesitatsu Lomnyaka\' by Thembekile Msibi, from the anthology Khulumani Sive by Zodwa Motsa. The novel is UmSamaliya Lolungile by Betty Dlamini. This is a qualitative study that employs the thematic content analysis method. Data was sampled purposively and conveniently. The findings reveal the crucial role of literature in the fight for women\'s liberation, as there is a magnificent shift in the behaviour of women between the two eras. As the decades pass, cultural strongholds slowly lose their effect on women, as they become a force to be reckoned with, and can unleash the shackles of abuse. It is recommended that more studies of this nature be conducted, to explore the behaviour of women currently, and the struggles they face.
In this study, results of revamping of stabilizer unit of Shiraz refinery which includes a debutanizer, and a splitter column, are presented. The unit is consisted of a de-butanizer and a splitter. The products of the unit are light straight run gasoline (LSRG) and Heavy straight run gasoline (HSRG). Revamping has been carried out by a commercial software. Results of simulation illustrated that revamping by structured packings is an effective method for capacity increase while maintaing product quality at the same time. Debutanizer and splitter units have been simulated with regard to inlet and outlet flow rates, flooding, operating pressure and temperature. The simulation results are in good agreement with the operating data and experimental analysis. By using MELLAPAK 250X, as a structured packing in revamping process, pressure drop was decreased from 196 to 23 mBar. In addition, Sichlmair model has predicted the pressure drop very accurately. The results also demonstrate 31 % capacity increase in feed flow rate and higher quality product.
Thermally sprayed coatings are inherently associated with residual stresses in the coatings. These stresses vary in nature and magnitude, and have a pronounced effect on the physical and mechanical properties of coatings. The high speed hole drilling method is widely used to measure the residual stress. Due to the nature of the thermally sprayed coatings, its application for WC/Co coatings is limited. In the current study, WC-12Co coatings were deposited by HVOF. Morphological studies were conducted using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively to evaluate the powder and coating characteristics. The Electro discharge drilling method was developed to measure the residual stress in WC-Co thermally sprayed coatings. The experimental results reveal that the stress curves are not uniform through the coating thickness. It has been found that the mean residual von Misses stress is of approximately 222MPa. Obtained results are in good agreement with the results measured from XRD patterns and reported values from literatures. The developed method confirms the feasibility of residual stresses measurement for HVOF thermally sprayed WC-Co coatings.
For Corrosion under insulation is considered one of the largest and the most the most expensive problems for various industries. Annually, it costs many factories and industries a f fortune to build new systems.\nIn this paper a new method is provided to save the problem of corrosion. In addition to preventing corrosion problem, this method due to low thermal conductivity, can act as an insulator. Nano composite coatings are bared on standard of ASTM C-518 a very low coefficient of heat transfer and about 0.017 W/ MK. surfaces that is insulated by a designed cover includes 30 percent of water- based acrylic resin and 70 percent of SiO2 composite. This coating due to its special conditions and insulation directly sticks to the material and protect it. This coating has hydrophobic properties and prevents moisture to reach the surface of metals, pipes, vessels or other equipments. And as we know the main factor to create rust on the metals is humidity. Nano – composites which form coating thin film thickness are Hydrophobic. \nThus nano-coating insulation prevents from reaching moisture oil and gas transfer pipeline, also this type of insulation is semi-transparent. In the other hands, its space beneath is visible each time. In order to test this nano-coating, GM9540P test this has been approved as environmental corrosion test was used. After the first stage of test, the surface without coverage was corroded entirely, but the coated part was tested successfully without any effect of corrosion after 24 stages. Although there are numerous ways and materials to create resistance against corrosion, but insulation and anti corrosion properties aren’t considered synchronous; the coverage used in this test includes both properties
Purpose – Teacher must act as a leader because his/her role is very effective in educational change. Influence of personality traits on leadership styles has been a significant topic in management but no research emphasis has been given to teacher’s personality influence on their leadership behaviors. This research investigates the correlation between these two aspects.\nDesign/methodology/approach – Quantitative research is done by means of survey to a convenient sample of 228 teachers of public elementary and high schools of Lahore. \nFindings – The dominant traits are associated with both leadership styles thus showing that both people and task oriented leadership styles are effective. \nResearch limitations/implications – This research can be generalized to other areas.\nPractical implications – The research emphasizes the importance of traits and their influence on behavior. Further researches should examine the traits which are needed for an effective leadership styles.\nOriginality/value – The major contribution of this paper is that it correlate personality traits with leadership styles and high light those traits which are associated with effective leadership styles i.e. people oriented so teachers become more aware to adopt those traits which produce effective behavior and change.
Sustainable agriculture as one of the economical substitutes of the current agricultural systems has been the center of attention of farmers, environment experts, the public, policy makers all over the world and a great body of research has been increasingly carried out about different aspects of these new systems. Consequently, this study evaluated the effective factors in achieving a sustainable agricultural systems in north of Khuzestan province. The statistical society of this research includes all potato farmers of northern Khuzestan. This research is of practical type and is based on survey research method carried out in year 2012. The validity of this research has been confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability by distributing 30 copies of questionnaires and analyzing the result by SPSS software by 11.5 Cronbach alpha score which led to 0.76 accepted coefficients. The result showed that there is a positive significant statistical correlation between factors like the level of education, the usage of communication channels, the amount of cooperation with organization of Jihad, the amount of using organic fertilizers and the degree of using integrated pest management (IPM) methods, the amount of using biological fertilizers, and the knowledge of sustainable agriculture. On the other hand, age, gross profit, the amount of using chemical pesticides and fertilizers, experience in agricultural activities and the area under cultivation, has a significant negative statistical correlation on sustainable agriculture. Since it was Further stated that the majority of farmers under investigation, were placed in an average level in terms of sustainable agriculture components, solutions for improvement of knowledge of sustainable agriculture were suggested.
Scurvy, a potentially fatal condition resulting from inadequate vitamin C (ascorbic acid), has been known and feared since ancient times. Its prevention and cure were associated with consumption of fresh fruits, especially citrus, but it wasn\'t until 1928 that the antiscorbutic factor was identified. Vitamin C is synthesized in almost all species, the exceptions are the primates, including humans, guinea pigs, fish, fruit- eating bats, insects, and more birds. Animals which cannot synthesize this vitamin need a dietary source for their normal keep. The conception that the sole function of vitamin C is to prevent scurvy has been revised in recent years. Small quantities of vitamin C are sufficient to prevent and cure scurvy; however, excessive quantities may be required to keep good health during conditions of adverse environment, physiological stress, and certain ailment. Antioxidant vitamins have received a great deal of attention in that they play important roles in animal and human health whit inactivating dangerous free radicals produced overall normal cellular activity and from diverse stressors.
The aim of the present study was to study the human brain’s audiovisual integration mechanisms for letters, i.e., for stimuli that have been previously associated through learning. The subjects received audiovisual (AV) letters of the Chinese characters and were required to identify them, regardless of stimulus modality. The brain activations were detected with electroencephalogram (EEG), which is well suited for noninvasive identification of cortical activity and its accurate temporal dynamics. The present study was able to find evidence of both non-phonetic and phonetic audiovisual interactions in the event-related potentials (ERPs) to the same AV stimuli. In addition, the differences in the ERPs to the meaningful and meaningless of AV stimuli probably reflect multisensory interactions in phonetic processing. When acoustic and visual phonemes were meaningful, they formed a natural multisensory interaction stimulus. The present study demonstrates that the audiovisual interaction is an indicator for investigating the automatic processing of suprasegmental information in tonal language. Multisensory integration of letters (orthography) and speech sounds of tonal language in the human auditory association cortex showed a strong dependency on the relative timing of the inputs. The critical role of input timing on multisensory integration has been demonstrated before at the neuronal level for naturally related visual and auditory signals.
