This paper describes architecture and characteristics of special antenna systems onboard Inmarsat Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) spacecraft for Mobile Satellite Communications (MSC). These spacecraft provides satellite links for communications, tracking, monitoring and logistics solutions between mobile and personal units as a Mobile Earth Station (MES) and Gateways or Ground Earth Stations (GES) achieved via Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite constellation. Inmarsat GEO MSS operator is deploying advanced technology and technique to deliver Voice, Data and Video (VDV) for all mobile applications worldwide, excluding Polar Areas. The Inmarsat organization received sufficient funds to implement at first solutions for maritime applications and in the next phase to develop additional services such as land (road and rail) and finally for aeronautical applications. The Inmarsat team overcame all the problems and challenges, gaining the attribute of only one global mobile satellite operator with a significant professional attribute. Regarding the improvement of the space segment and in particular the service for mobile and personal applications, antenna systems on the Inmarsat spacecraft are being considered. Modern spacecraft antenna characteristics and link performance with monobeam and multibeam antenna coverage are presented. Here are presented the possible basic types of antennas installed on board for MSC service.
Deployment of space remote sensing, meteorological and weather observations network based on new developed Stratospheric Platform Systems (SPS) via High Altitude Platforms (HAP) of airships or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) of aircraft has gained a significant momentum through several initiatives where space vehicles and telecommunications payloads have been researched and adopted. This initiative is resulting in more efficient and more cost effective solutions of proposed stratospheric platforms for Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) applications. In this paper is introduced and proposed possibility of special HAP implementation as an alternative to the current satellite systems or as a complementary fast-evolving technology to improve weather observation system especially in developing countries. The advantages of HAP in relation to the weather observation, proposals of an observation framework for weather observation via HAP and its modern requirements are taken into consideration and are discussed.
The present study aimed at evaluating the isolate phages that were active against Pasteurella multocid and to characterize to explore its possibility as therapeutic and prophylactic agents. The lytic range of the phage was determined against several bacterial isolates. Studies on a phage growth curve and its survival rate with respect to temperature and pH were carried out. In-vivo study was conducted to explore the levels of phage in the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and blood at 24 h post-administration.The isolated phage was confirmed asthe family Podoviridae. Their estimated genome sizes were about 21 kb. On restriction enzyme digestion only 7 fragments in ranges of 3000 to 10000bp were seen. Phage was stable 5-50oC and survival pH was 4-9. In the safety and therapeutic study challenged mice treated with phage was showing mild clinical signs and died one or two mice after 72 hrs. and the survival rate increased significantly (P≤0.05). In poultry, in the challenged group at end of 72 hrs., 7 birds survived in the subcutaneously treated group but in nasal route treatment, only 5 birds survived at the end of 72 hrs. and concluded a good effect on treating the mice infected with different P. multocida type B2, A1 strains.
The present study deals with the avifaunal composition around wind farm of Jangi region, Kutch district, Gujarat, India. A total of 139 species of birds belonging to 45 families were recorded in the study area from September 2011 to July 2012. 67 species of these were residents, 28 were residents and local migrants, 22 were residents and winter migrants, 17 were winter migrants and 5 species were winter migrants as well as passage migrants. The order Passeriformes was highest in dominance followed by Charadriiformes, Ciconiiformes, Coraciiformes and Anseriformes. Among the bird species recorded the Darter (Anhinga melanogaster), Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala), Oriental White Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus), Lesser Flamingo (Phoenicopterus minor), Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa), Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata), Black-bellied Tern (Sterna acuticauda) and European Roller (Coracias garrulous) are Near Threatened species (IUCN 2011).
This study investigates the efficacy of various native plant species in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. The research focuses on identifying species with high tolerance and accumulation capabilities for metals such as cadmium, lead, and zinc. Through field experiments and laboratory analyses, the potential of these plants to restore soil health and their impact on local biodiversity is assessed. The findings suggest that certain species not only survive in contaminated conditions but also contribute to soil decontamination, offering a sustainable approach to environmental remediation.
A review of goat production systems in harsh and dry environments of West Asia, Central Asia and the Inter-Andean valleys of Latin America reveals that while goats are an important component of a considerable number of vulnerable and resource-poor production systems, the production performance and potentials have not been sufficiently characterized nor documented. In West and Central Asia goats are raised in dry regions with prolonged drought, extreme climate fluctuation, and water scarcity, and are confined to mixed flocks interspersed with sheep. Goats supply kids, milk and fiber, especially to farmers moving their animals through seasonal grazing. Goats in these systems have not been adequately studied, nor have they received the same attention as sheep. Only a few production systems are solely based on goats; these include intensive dairy Damascus goat production (Syria and Cyprus) and extensive fine-fiber production (mohair and cashmere) in other countries of West and Central Asia. Variability for fine-fiber production has yet to be fully assessed and exploited. Goats in the arid lands of the Inter-Andean valleys are associated with the poorer sectors of the population, even more so than their Asian counterparts. Most goat farmers in the Andean valleys live under extreme poverty, occupying degraded areas with limited cropping possibilities, where Criollo goats, introduced during colonial times, are dominant. Their genetic base has yet to be characterized. While improved management/feeding is possible for these systems, access to improved germplasm is required. Technological improvements can only be viable if market incentives and some degree of intensification are possible. Thus, research and development needs to focus on market issues.
An important issue, when shipping cost and customers demand are random fuzzy variables in supply chain network (SCN) design problem, is to find the network strategy that can simultaneously achieve the objectives of minimization total cost comprised of fixed costs of plants and distribution centers (DCs), inbound and outbound distribution costs, and maximization customer services that can be rendered to customers in terms of acceptable delivery time. In this paper, we propose a random fuzzy multi-objective mixed-integer non-linear programming model for the SCN design problem of Luzhou Co., Ltd. which is representative in the industry of Chinese liquor. By the expected value operator and chance constraint operator, the model has been transformed into a deterministic multi-objective mixed-integer non-linear programming model. Then, we use spanning tree-based genetic algorithms (st-GA) by the Pru¨fer number representation to find the SCN to satisfy the demand imposed by customers with minimum total cost and maximum customer services for multi-objective SCN design problem of this company under condition of random fuzzy customers demand and transportation cost between facilities. Furthermore, the efficacy and the efficiency of this method are demonstrated by the comparison between its numerical experiment results and those of tradition matrix-based genetic algorithm.
This study examines the role of urban green spaces in enhancing biodiversity and providing ecosystem services in metropolitan regions. We conducted a comparative analysis of different types of green spaces, such as parks, community gardens, and green roofs, across various cities. Using biodiversity indices and ecosystem service valuation methods, the research highlights significant contributions to species diversity, air quality improvement, and recreational benefits. The findings underscore the importance of integrating more green spaces in urban planning to support ecological health and human well-being.
The Amazon Rainforest, often referred to as the planet's lungs, plays a critical role in global biodiversity and climate regulation. Recent studies highlight the alarming rate of deforestation due to agricultural expansion, logging, and infrastructure development. This research aims to quantify the impact of deforestation on the biodiversity of the Amazon Rainforest. Using satellite imagery and ecological surveys, we analyze species diversity and population dynamics in regions with varying levels of deforestation. Our findings indicate a significant decline in species richness and an increase in invasive species in heavily deforested areas. This study underscores the urgent need for sustainable land management practices to preserve the ecological integrity of the Amazon.
This study explores the critical role of mycorrhizal networks in forest ecosystems and their impact on enhancing biodiversity. Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, facilitating nutrient exchange and improving plant health. The research investigates how these networks contribute to forest resilience, particularly in the face of environmental stressors such as climate change. By examining multiple forest types across diverse geographical regions, the study aims to provide insights into the mechanisms by which mycorrhizal networks support plant diversity and ecosystem stability. Findings suggest that promoting these natural networks could be a key strategy in forest conservation and management.
