This paper describes architecture and characteristics of special antenna systems onboard Inmarsat Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) spacecraft for Mobile Satellite Communications (MSC). These spacecraft provides satellite links for communications, tracking, monitoring and logistics solutions between mobile and personal units as a Mobile Earth Station (MES) and Gateways or Ground Earth Stations (GES) achieved via Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite constellation. Inmarsat GEO MSS operator is deploying advanced technology and technique to deliver Voice, Data and Video (VDV) for all mobile applications worldwide, excluding Polar Areas. The Inmarsat organization received sufficient funds to implement at first solutions for maritime applications and in the next phase to develop additional services such as land (road and rail) and finally for aeronautical applications. The Inmarsat team overcame all the problems and challenges, gaining the attribute of only one global mobile satellite operator with a significant professional attribute. Regarding the improvement of the space segment and in particular the service for mobile and personal applications, antenna systems on the Inmarsat spacecraft are being considered. Modern spacecraft antenna characteristics and link performance with monobeam and multibeam antenna coverage are presented. Here are presented the possible basic types of antennas installed on board for MSC service.
Deployment of space remote sensing, meteorological and weather observations network based on new developed Stratospheric Platform Systems (SPS) via High Altitude Platforms (HAP) of airships or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) of aircraft has gained a significant momentum through several initiatives where space vehicles and telecommunications payloads have been researched and adopted. This initiative is resulting in more efficient and more cost effective solutions of proposed stratospheric platforms for Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) applications. In this paper is introduced and proposed possibility of special HAP implementation as an alternative to the current satellite systems or as a complementary fast-evolving technology to improve weather observation system especially in developing countries. The advantages of HAP in relation to the weather observation, proposals of an observation framework for weather observation via HAP and its modern requirements are taken into consideration and are discussed.
The present study aimed at evaluating the isolate phages that were active against Pasteurella multocid and to characterize to explore its possibility as therapeutic and prophylactic agents. The lytic range of the phage was determined against several bacterial isolates. Studies on a phage growth curve and its survival rate with respect to temperature and pH were carried out. In-vivo study was conducted to explore the levels of phage in the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and blood at 24 h post-administration.The isolated phage was confirmed asthe family Podoviridae. Their estimated genome sizes were about 21 kb. On restriction enzyme digestion only 7 fragments in ranges of 3000 to 10000bp were seen. Phage was stable 5-50oC and survival pH was 4-9. In the safety and therapeutic study challenged mice treated with phage was showing mild clinical signs and died one or two mice after 72 hrs. and the survival rate increased significantly (P≤0.05). In poultry, in the challenged group at end of 72 hrs., 7 birds survived in the subcutaneously treated group but in nasal route treatment, only 5 birds survived at the end of 72 hrs. and concluded a good effect on treating the mice infected with different P. multocida type B2, A1 strains.
The present study deals with the avifaunal composition around wind farm of Jangi region, Kutch district, Gujarat, India. A total of 139 species of birds belonging to 45 families were recorded in the study area from September 2011 to July 2012. 67 species of these were residents, 28 were residents and local migrants, 22 were residents and winter migrants, 17 were winter migrants and 5 species were winter migrants as well as passage migrants. The order Passeriformes was highest in dominance followed by Charadriiformes, Ciconiiformes, Coraciiformes and Anseriformes. Among the bird species recorded the Darter (Anhinga melanogaster), Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala), Oriental White Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus), Lesser Flamingo (Phoenicopterus minor), Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa), Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata), Black-bellied Tern (Sterna acuticauda) and European Roller (Coracias garrulous) are Near Threatened species (IUCN 2011).
The primary and essential scope of this paper is the attempt of a closer approach, to the exact definition of the term ‘Culture’. The innermost hue of such a definition is indeed ontological. However there are also supplementary perspectives regarding this definition (e.g. engineering ones). The paper introduces the criteria for the construction of a strict and exact definition of Culture, using the aforementioned perspectives. Equivalently, it reveals the individual factors of the definition. Thus a relative ontology, regarding the field of Culture, is launched. The achievement of a strict definition has obviously beneficial impact on all the aspects of Culture and Cultural Heritage. Finally, the Culture’s Definition Diagram is introduced. The benefits of this diagram are multiple, as for instance the iconic representation of the definition, as well as its usefulness for computing purposes.
A review of goat production systems in harsh and dry environments of West Asia, Central Asia and the Inter-Andean valleys of Latin America reveals that while goats are an important component of a considerable number of vulnerable and resource-poor production systems, the production performance and potentials have not been sufficiently characterized nor documented. In West and Central Asia goats are raised in dry regions with prolonged drought, extreme climate fluctuation, and water scarcity, and are confined to mixed flocks interspersed with sheep. Goats supply kids, milk and fiber, especially to farmers moving their animals through seasonal grazing. Goats in these systems have not been adequately studied, nor have they received the same attention as sheep. Only a few production systems are solely based on goats; these include intensive dairy Damascus goat production (Syria and Cyprus) and extensive fine-fiber production (mohair and cashmere) in other countries of West and Central Asia. Variability for fine-fiber production has yet to be fully assessed and exploited. Goats in the arid lands of the Inter-Andean valleys are associated with the poorer sectors of the population, even more so than their Asian counterparts. Most goat farmers in the Andean valleys live under extreme poverty, occupying degraded areas with limited cropping possibilities, where Criollo goats, introduced during colonial times, are dominant. Their genetic base has yet to be characterized. While improved management/feeding is possible for these systems, access to improved germplasm is required. Technological improvements can only be viable if market incentives and some degree of intensification are possible. Thus, research and development needs to focus on market issues.
An important issue, when shipping cost and customers demand are random fuzzy variables in supply chain network (SCN) design problem, is to find the network strategy that can simultaneously achieve the objectives of minimization total cost comprised of fixed costs of plants and distribution centers (DCs), inbound and outbound distribution costs, and maximization customer services that can be rendered to customers in terms of acceptable delivery time. In this paper, we propose a random fuzzy multi-objective mixed-integer non-linear programming model for the SCN design problem of Luzhou Co., Ltd. which is representative in the industry of Chinese liquor. By the expected value operator and chance constraint operator, the model has been transformed into a deterministic multi-objective mixed-integer non-linear programming model. Then, we use spanning tree-based genetic algorithms (st-GA) by the Pru¨fer number representation to find the SCN to satisfy the demand imposed by customers with minimum total cost and maximum customer services for multi-objective SCN design problem of this company under condition of random fuzzy customers demand and transportation cost between facilities. Furthermore, the efficacy and the efficiency of this method are demonstrated by the comparison between its numerical experiment results and those of tradition matrix-based genetic algorithm.
This paper introduces a new modification to the continuous skyhook control strategy with adaptive gain to dictate vehicle’s active suspension system. At first the suspension system captures the road profile input over a certain period. Then it calculates the best possible value of the skyhook gain for the later process. Meanwhile the system behaves according to the new modified skyhook control law with an initial or previous value of the skyhook gain. In this paper, the proposed suspension system is compared with passive and other recently reported skyhook controller through an experimental analysis with Quanser active suspension plant. Its performance has been evaluated in terms of ride comfort and road handling performance. The model is validated in accordance to the international standards of admissible acceleration levels ISO2631 and human vibration perception.
Recent outbreaks of deadly Nipah Virus (NiV) causing serious human epidemic disease have been one of the most alarming concerns in the public health of Bangladesh. NiV is a newly detected highly pathogenic virus with ability to cause devastating morbidity and mortality (an estimated 100% in some cases) rate among the human populations. This emerging infectious disease has become the most alarming threats of the public healths not only in Bangladesh but also in the world mainly due to its periodic outbreaks (as it strikes almost every year) and the highly devastating mortality rate. The aim of this paper is firstly to investigate the disease propagation and control strategy of NiV infections and secondly to analyze a mathematical model of the SIR-type epidemic disease of this deadly virus in the form of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The behavior of the dynamics of NiV infections has been illustrated by the numerical simulations.
In this paper the intelligent control of full automatic car wash using a programmable logic controller (PLC) has been investigated and designed to do all steps of carwashing. The Intelligent control of full automatic carwash has the ability to identify and profile the geometrical dimensions of the vehicle chassis. Vehicle dimension identification is an important point in this control system to adjust the washing brushes position and time duration. The study also tries to design a control set for simulating and building the automatic carwash. The main purpose of the simulation is to develop criteria for designing and building this type of carwash in actual size to overcome challenges of automation. The results of this research indicate that the proposed method in process control not only increases productivity, speed, accuracy and safety but also reduce the time and cost of washing based on dynamic model of the vehicle. A laboratory prototype based on an advanced intelligent control has been built to study the validity of the design and simulation which it’s appropriate performance confirms the validity of this study
