The purpose of this article is to discuss the relationship between current high-brightness white LED driving methods and temperature. Due to the different driving methods of high-brightness white LEDs, their temperature will also change differently. However, this temperature change also affects the life of high-brightness white LEDs. This study will discuss the best driving mode of white LED circuit in two ways of LM317 constant voltage and WS2801 pulse driving modes. It is found from experiments that the pulse driving mode has better characteristics in temperature control than the constant voltage mode.
One of the most important public health issues is antimicrobial resistance. Carduus getulus Pomel(family Asteraceae), known as hashroof by Egyptians, is wild annual plant. The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of C. getulus collected from coastal desert. In the investigated plant, total phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glucosides, and steroids were measured. The antioxidant activity was measured based on the reduction of DPPH. The IC50 values of the antioxidant inhibition of C. getuluswas 43.32 mg ml-1 compared to control. In this investigation, the methyl alcohol extract of C. getulus has a high broad spectrum (89 percent) of antibacterial activity against the microorganisms tested. The pathogen Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosaand Staphylococcus aureus(17.22, 16.33 and 16.18 mm, respectively) were the most sensitive bacteria. In conclusion, C. getulus extracts can be employed as natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents in pharmacotherapy, according to this study.
Different parameters are effective on Electro Explosive Fuses (EFF) operation. Because of these fuses applications in high voltage generators, their recognition and investigation are of great importance. In this paper, firstly, related equations of fuse length and cross sectional area in various parts are completely presented. Then, these fuses behavior is modeled in PSpice using obtained equations. Electrical conduction model is used for modeling. After that, to evaluate efficiency of presented model, it is simulated and the effects of different parameters such as fuse length, cross sectional area and pulse generator circuit parameters are investigated. Finally, results obtained from modeling and simulations prove the importance of these parameters effects on the EEF operation.
Abstract\nGenerally this study is about relationship between informative literacy and emotional intelligence among\nsupplementary studies students of Kermanshah\'s Azad University, whom 76 of them have been chosen based on\ndivisional sampling .In this study, methods of using informative literacy standards and its relation with emotional\nintelligence effects among students will be surveyed. Data gathering tools to measure informative literacy,\nstandard questionnaire based on “informative literacy\'s abilities standard for superior education” that include 87\nquestions and emotional intelligence\'s questionnaire based on four elements (self consciousness, social\nconsciousness, self management and relation\'s management) that include 28 questions. To analysis data,\ndescriptive statistics (abundant ion, abundant ion percentile, average, digression scale, and variance) and\ndeductive statistic are used to survey article\'s hypothesizes that use relation\'s coefficient and variance analysis\ntable as well as independent T test. Research results show that there is a relationship among recognition ability,\nnature and needed extended information as well as emotional intelligence. There is a relationship between ability\nto reach useful information and emotional intelligence, between using information for peculiar purpose and\nemotional intelligence, and there is a relationship between perception\' ability of economical, social and legal\nsubjects with emotional intelligence, but there is no relation between emotional intelligence and student\'s sex and\ntheir educational courses. This study shows that there is a relation between informative literacy standards\n(recognition ability, nature and needed extended information, ability to reach useful information, ability to have\ncritical assessment about information, ability to use information for peculiar purpose) with emotional\nintelligence\'s elements (self consciousness, social consciousness, self management and relation\'s management)\nand there is no remarkable relation between informative literacy and emotional intelligence among students\nbased on their sex and educational courses.\nKey words: literacy, informative literacy, intelligence, emotional intelligence
Urban green spaces play a crucial role in enhancing biodiversity and improving climate resilience in cities. This study examines the impact of various types of urban green spaces, such as parks, green roofs, and community gardens, on urban biodiversity and their potential to mitigate climate change effects. By analyzing data from multiple international urban centers, we identify key strategies for integrating biodiversity-friendly practices into urban planning. The results highlight significant improvements in urban biodiversity and microclimate regulation, promoting healthier and more sustainable urban environments.
This study investigates the effects of climate change on the diversity of alpine flora across various regions of the European Alps. Utilizing cluster analysis, we have identified patterns in species distribution and diversity in response to temperature and precipitation changes. Our findings highlight significant shifts in plant communities, with certain species migrating to higher altitudes while others face potential extinction. These insights are crucial for developing conservation strategies to preserve the unique biodiversity of alpine ecosystems under changing climatic conditions.
Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) is a marine and freshwater fish known for its predatory and carnivorous nature. It is a significant component of the diet for communities residing near the Caspian Sea and occupies the top level of the food chain, feeding on other fish and crustaceans. Numerous sources around the Caspian Sea discharge waste into the rivers, leading to pollution, including mercury chloride. Bioaccumulation in higher trophic levels is more pronounced, posing a risk to pikeperch. This study, conducted in 2008, explored the acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of mercuric chloride in juvenile pikeperch weighing 1.5±0.5 grams. Fish were exposed to various chemical concentrations in 20-liter tanks with 20 fish each. Six treatments with three replications and a control were performed using the static OECD method over four days to determine lethal concentrations (LC5096h). Water parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, and temperature were monitored, with average values recorded as pH 8, total hardness 250 mg/l, temperature 25±1°C, and dissolved oxygen 7.5±0.5 mg/l. Results indicated LC5096h and LC5024h values for mercury chloride at 0.091 and 0.072 mg Hg/l, respectively. Bioaccumulation in muscle tissue, kidney, and gill after 24h were 1.72, 17.8, and 24.6 mg Hg/l, respectively, and after 96h were 3.2, 18.1, and 28.2 mg Hg/l. Bioconcentration values in tissues exceeded those in water.
This study investigates the effects of climate change on alpine plant communities across the European Alps. Through extensive field surveys and climate modeling, we analyze shifts in plant species distribution and community composition over the past two decades. Our findings indicate significant altitudinal migration of plant species and a decline in biodiversity in lower alpine zones. The study emphasizes the need for conservation strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on these vulnerable ecosystems.
In this paper a new model for a wind generation system is introduced which includes induction machine, static synchronous compensator, excitation and load capacitors. Moreover, a new method is proposed for voltage control of a grid-connected squirrel cage induction generator. Unfortunately, induction generators require a flexible reactive power source beside them since under variable load conditions the output voltage cannot remain constant autonomously. In this paper, a compensator is used to control the reactive power and stabilize voltage fluctuations during a three-phase fault and generator isolation. Furthermore, a fuzzy controller is developed to ameliorate compensator\'s performance. Accordingly, simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment to confirm the abilities of new control scheme.
