The analysis of ecotourism potential serves as a foundational step in identifying the potentials and limitations for deliberate and rational planning towards tourism development. This approach creates a conducive atmosphere for preventing the destruction of natural environments and aids in their conservation. Located in Gilan, at the estuaries of the Sefidrud, Boujagh Wetlands boast an impressive variety of birds, beautiful landscapes, desirable climate, and convenient access, attracting numerous tourists annually. This research aims to identify opportunities and ecotourism potentials of Boujagh Wetland using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to foster both widespread and centralized tourism while aiding in environmental preservation. The study employs hybrid methods, both descriptive and analytical, utilizing the AHP model. Results indicate that, based on preference criteria for centralized ecotourism development, approximately 713.58 hectares (21%) have high potential, 237.38 hectares (7%) have average potential, and 2329 hectares (67%) have low potential for centralized ecotourism development. The entire area, however, has usability for widespread ecotourism according to the study index.
The Iranian garden as a perfect structure demonstrates a close relationship between the cultural and natural background and indicates adoption and alignment between man and nature. In Iranian culture and the tradition of garden construction, there is a direct relationship with its natural and physical background as well as biological elements. Iranian architects use simple and available methods for creating open architectural spaces. In addition, desirable conditions that took physical and spiritual factors into consideration were provided. Parks and landscapes in future cities can be designed and constructed based on the architectural techniques used in Iranian gardens, which are typical examples of hot and arid regions. In this study, the attributes of the Iranian garden as it affects the creation of green spaces were investigated through observation. In addition, this study also assessed the characteristics of a Persian garden using a descriptive approach.
This study examines the effects of urban expansion on native plant species diversity and abundance in Taiwan. By analyzing data from urban, suburban, and rural areas, we assess how urbanization influences ecological balance and plant community structures. Our findings suggest significant alterations in species composition, with certain native species becoming increasingly rare or endangered. This research underscores the importance of sustainable urban planning to preserve biodiversity.
Urban green spaces play a crucial role in enhancing biodiversity within metropolitan areas, which are often densely populated and heavily developed. This study examines the ecological effects of green spaces across major global cities, focusing on their capacity to support diverse plant and animal species. By utilizing a combination of field surveys and remote sensing technology, we assess the richness and abundance of species in urban parks, gardens, and natural reserves. Our findings indicate that well-managed green spaces significantly contribute to biodiversity, offering critical habitats and promoting ecological connectivity. The results highlight the importance of integrating green spaces into urban planning to foster sustainable urban ecosystems.
This study explores the effects of urbanization on native plant species in various ecosystems. We examine changes in species diversity, habitat fragmentation, and the introduction of invasive species. Our findings highlight the importance of conservation strategies to protect native flora in urban landscapes.
Value-based organization is a new face of organization which place emphasis on values.\nThinkers believe that the ever-changing environment has forced the new era’s organizations\nto search for more cohesion to respond the challenges. In this article after reviewing the\ncharacteristics of value-based organization, its basics and benefits are presented. Then, as the\npurpose of the article is designing a value-based model for the Iran’s Payam Noor university,\ndoctoral Center (PNU), the steps for doing that is presented. Firstly the conceptual model\ndesigned after literature review is introduced and secondly the hypothesis are presented.\nAccording to the model a value-based organization model is created via a special style of\nleadership, called value-based leadership which embodies vision management, values\ntransmission, trust management, self-management. The value-based leadership style tries to\nconvert the stakeholders expectations into organizational values.The stakeholders in Iran’s\nPayam Noor University, Doctoral Center(PNU) are students,employees, managers, and the\nhead-office. All of the hypothesis are confirmed and the ranking of stakeholders expectations\nare presented.
Several mechanisms are included in the plant resistance against the phytopathogens. Among them are some proteins that may either be components of the cell wall or produced as a result of infection; in addition to other organic compounds that can be produced in the root exudates. Such compounds may act as pathogen pectinase or cellulase inhibitors or be toxic to the pathogen. The aim of this work was a screening for a new fungal pectinase or cellulase inhibitor that may be a protein constituent or produced by the roots of five tested plants against six phytopathogenic fungi. The root exudates and protein content of five plants (Vicia faba, Trigonella sp., Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Hordeum vulgare) were preliminarily screened for inhibition of six phytopathogens (Sclerotium cepivorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis sp., and Fusarium oxysporum) in a medium containing either pectin or cellulose as a sole source of carbon. There was no inhibition obtained from all of the protein extracts and the root exudates of the tested plants against any of the tested fungi. On the other hand, the growth of Botrytis sp. was enhanced by the root exudates of corn in the cellulose-containing medium. This result reflected the absence of pectinases and cellulases inhibitors in the protein content or root exudates of the tested plants against the tested fungi. In addition, the presence of a Botrytis sp. cellulase activator in the root exudates of corn.
