Iron deficiency is a serious mineral constraint commonly observed in cultivated agrosystems. The limited Fe availability was attributed to the soil properties (pH, carbonate ions, leaching�). Sidi Bouzid agrosystem is a typical semi-arid climate where durum wheat dominates the cereal crops and soil quality differs broadly. Symptoms of iron deficiency were then observed, while the relationship between soil quality and wheat behavior at vegetative and reproductive stages remains less investigated. This study investigates the physiological and reproductive behaviors of wheat regarding Fe availability and soil quality and its impact on the keys metabolic functions and interrelationships. Three different soils (loamy calcareous: L-CS, loamy sand: LSS and sandy loam: SLS) were used to cultivating wheat during a full life cycle, under natural light and temperature. Analyses were made on the keys physiological and reproductive traits, then interrelationships were established. Compared to SLS, L-CS did not provide more than 9% of the plant need for Fe, thus decreasing significantly plant growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll and grain yield and quality. LSS provide wheat plants by 29% of their need for Fe having, with a less extent, the same inhibitory effect on the above-mentioned parameters. Chlorophyll, photosynthesis, plant growth, yield, ear filling and grain quality are interdependent and depend closely on the Fe uptake and soil quality. Durum wheat yield depends closely on soil Fe availability that determines the key physiological functions and the subsequent plant growth and yield.
The experiments were carried out to test three vegetable oils namely (Prunus dulcis, Prunus amygdalus var amara, and Moringa olifera) against T. absoluta under laboratory and field conditions. The results indicated that the most effective oils on eggs hatchability was P. dulcis followed by P. amygdalus var amara compare to untreated eggs. All of tested oils were depressed percentage of pupation to larvae which penetrated and feed on treat leaflets. The last larval instar also affect by oils treatment. On other view, the two sequential sprays of tested oils to infested tomato leaves were recorded larval mortality and reduction in infestation and deposited eggs especially in treatment by Prunus dulcis and Prunus amygdalus under field conditions. application of the tested oils saved some protection to tomato fruits against tuta absoluta and that lead to high production rate of tomato crop.
Industrialization is believed to be an index of modernization and it has its unavoidable impacts on pollution of air, water and soil depending upon the type of industry, nature of raw material used and the manufacturing process involved. Since industrialization and pollution are complementary to each other, necessary steps need to be taken for proper disposal of industrial wastes. The sugarcane based industries like distilleries produce a large amount of byproducts like Raw Spent Wash (RSW), Treated Distillery Effluent (TDE) and Biocompost (BC). The Treated Distillery Effluent is waste water, which could be recycled in agriculture both as irrigation water and as a source of plant nutrients. The beneficial effect of organic matter for enhancing the soil fertility and thereby improving the crop productivity is well established. Thus, the soil application of TDE could offer the double benefit of safe disposal of wastes and its effective utilization for agricultural production. Keeping this fact in view, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Treated Distillery Effluent (TDE) and biocompost on soil chemical and biological properties using paddy as a test crop (ADT- 43). Based on the increase in soil chemical and biological properties, it can be concluded that TDE @ 1.0 lakh litres ha-1(M3) or TDE @ 1.5 lakh litres ha-1 (M4) along with 37.5% N as urea + 37.5 % N as biocompost (S7) can be recommended as a nutrient source for paddy crop.
The aim of this article is to investigate the use of asyndetic sentence patterns in E.D.M. Sibiya�s novels. The study is motivated by the fact that, even though Sibiya uses asyndeton artistically in his novels, there is no study so far that has explored this aspect of his literary works. A linguistic stylistic approach, through the lenses of Leech and Short�s checklist of linguistic and stylistic categories, is proposed to theoretically ground the textually analysed data. As the study seeks to critically appraise Sibiya�s artistic use of asyndeton in his novels, the findings highlight that the use of this device contributes to the creation of a steady reading pace, rhythm, and flow when the novels are read. This was proven to be instrumental in enhancing the overall comprehension and quality of the text. The discussion of asyndeton is observed according to the following syntactic features: asyndeton in sentences separated by full stops, and asyndeton in sentences separated by commas.
This study focuses on analysing ideophones according to the meaning they denote in Sibiya�s novels: Ngidedele Ngife, Ngiyolibala Ngifile, and Inkululeko Engakhululekile. The blended concept of �lexico-semantic(s)� is used to express that ideophones are words that are studied in relation to their meaning. Most work done on ideophones focuses more on the phonological and morphological features, and very little on semantic and syntactic features. The study aims to fill in this identified gap by analysing the selected ideophones according to their semantic features, as used in Sibiya�s novels. These include ideophones related to sound, colour, liquid, and action or movement. The findings of the study will demonstrate how Sibiya employs a variety of sematic categories of ideophones in his novels. The study will also demonstrate the stylistic significance of these ideophones in the analysed novels.
