The impact of the standard of living on dietary adequacy of university youth was assessed, using a clustered multi-stage stratified random sample and a questionnaire \"FFQ\" was applied online, as 35% of the Egyptian population are within age15-35yrs. Due to extended Covid-19 epidemic era and consequently a low response rate, the number of respondents was 38 university male students, from a state university (Zagazig University), in an agricultural governorate, representing a low income category and a private university (Future University), in Cairo, representing high income category. The criterium was the average deficit or surplus percent of daily per capita food consumption considering the Recommended dietary allowance. The results indicated that the university youth of less income households showed a deficit of 11%, 29% and 5% in daily food-intake of Calories, Protein and Lipids and the youth of high- income households showed a surplus of 20%, 14% and 31%, respectively. Results were statistically significant using Welsh t-test. The study concluded that both categories suffer from malnutrition, but the rich category was due to less nutrition education and simulation of the western countries dietary pattern (Fast-food) and not for lacking income. While the rich category represents a small portion of the population but holds a high portion of purchase power that accelerates the increase in food prices, leading to deep the malnutrition of the majority category that holding much less portion of purchase power. Dietary Fe adequacy showed significant surplus of 18% and 45% in food-intake of both less income and high-income category. However, such surplus wouldn\'t protect youth from anemic diseases, as the beverages share in their dietary pattern was high. Such unfavorite nutritional attitude could be treated via an orientation program concerning nutrition education to develop the awareness of university youth towards health diet and practicing physical fitness.
The sandwich pipe is a pipeline concept and consists of two concentric steel pipes separated by and affixed to a polymeric annulus, which provides the sufficient structural strength. The designing sandwich pipe is a very complex problem in the current scenario. The usage of sandwich pipes is increased for water depth beyond 1500 m. Modelling of pipes is done using CATIA V5 software. Static analysis is done in ANSYS to determine the deformation by applying pressure on both the inner and outer pipe. In this paper, the static analysis is done in ANSYS to determine the deformation by applying pressure on both the inner and outer pipe. Deformation capacity is one of the essential criteria for a deepwater pipeline. The objective of this paper is to determine the optimum combination of input parameters using Taguchi analysis.
Background: The biochemical role of the vitamin D (VD) endocrine system, particularly its potential anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties, has increased interest in its role in the prevention and control of diabetes mellitus. Aim: This study evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of VD in reducing the harmful effects of both types of diabetes mellitus. Main methods: Fifty male Wistar rats (six-weeks-old) were divided into 5 groups: a placebo group injected intraperitoneally with citrate buffer (pH 4.5); a nongenetic model type 1 diabetic rats group (T1D), injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg, ip); a nongenetic model type 2 diabetic rats group (T2D), subjected to a short term high-fat diet (HFD) followed by a low single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg, ip); the fourth group was administered VD, vidropR (1000 IU/kg) by gavage three days after T1D induction and daily throughout the experiment; the fifth group received the same VD treatment three days after T2D induction. The experimental period lasted 60 days. Key findings: VD decreased fasting plasma glucose, ketoacidosis, interleukin-6, HOMA-IR of insulin resistance and increased fasting plasma insulin, ISOGTT index of insulin sensitivity, and IGI/IR of β–cell function. Significance: These results suggest that VD ameliorates the biochemical impacts of diabetes mellitus by enhancing insulin secretion, sensitivity, and β-cell function, while reducing proinflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance.
Lemon grass, thyme and rose essential oils have been found to have inhibitory effects against the mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger under in vitro conditions. Results indicated that all essential oils treatments significantly reduced the linear growth of A. niger. Complete reduction was obtained with thyme and lemongrass at a concentration of 0.5%. Moreover, essential oils used to coat seeds and sown in soil drenched with B. subtilis resulted in a significant reduction of crown rot incidence of peanut, at both pre- and post-emergence stages under field conditions. Rose, thyme and lemongrass in descending order could reduce the incidence of crown rot at both pre-and post-emergence stages at the two successive growing seasons 2011 and 2012. Higher protective effect against crown rot incidence at both pre- and post-emergence growth stages was observed when essential oils integrated with B. subtilis as an applied soil treatment than that of individual applied treatment. Also Rhizolex-T as seed treatment could significantly reduce disease incidence over the control treatment. As for the harvested yield, all treatments were significantly higher than that in the control treatment. The treatments of essential oils as seed dressing plus the bio-agent B. subtilis showed higher yield production than those treatments using an essential oil or B. subtilis alone. The present results show that application of essential oils in integration with the bio-agent B. subtilis may be considered as an applicable, safe and cost-effective method for controlling such soil-borne diseases.
Rapid urbanization poses significant threats to native plant species, leading to habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss. This study examines the ecological impacts of urban expansion on native flora across various urban gradients. By analyzing plant species composition and abundance in urban, suburban, and rural areas, we identify key factors contributing to species decline. Our findings suggest that urban heat islands, pollution, and invasive species are major drivers of ecological change. Implementing green infrastructure and conservation corridors could mitigate negative impacts, promoting biodiversity within urban landscapes.
This study explores the phylogenetic relationships and habitat preferences of endemic alpine plant species in the Himalayan region. Utilizing DNA barcoding and field surveys, we identified key environmental factors influencing species distribution. Our findings highlight the impact of altitude, soil composition, and microclimatic conditions on the diversity and ecological niches of these unique plant communities. The results provide crucial insights for conservation strategies aimed at preserving biodiversity in the face of climate change.
This study was conducted to examine children’s empathic tendencies with respect to their gender and to investigate the relationship between empathic tendencies of children and empathic skills of parents. The study has been conducted on a sample of 261 people, composed of 87 children from the grades ranging between third and fifth, including 47 female and 40 male children who attend Pamukkale Educational Foundation PEV Primary School in the Denizli province of Turkey and their mothers (87) and fathers (87). In order to determine children’s empathic tendency, “KA-Sİ Scale of Emphatic Tendency for Children and Adolescents – Children Form” developed by Kaya & Siyez (2010) has been applied. In order to evaluate empathic ability of the parents, “Empathic Ability Scale-B Form” developed by Dökmen (1988, 1990) has been applied. The results showed that a significant difference in favor of girls existed in the “Emotional Sensitivity” and “Cognitive Sensitivity” dimensions as well as the “Total Empathic Tendency Score” obtained from the KA-Sİ Emphatic Tendency Scale for Children and Adolescents – Children’s Form. (p<0.05). The data were analyzed by using “T-Test” and “Pearson Correlation Test”. The research results have revealed that the gender of the child has an influence on the empathic tendencies of children, but not on the emphatic skills of both parents. It has also been determined that although there is not a correlation between the empathic tendency scores of children and the empathic skill scores of parents, there is a positive correlation between the empathic skill scores of mothers and those of fathers.
Urban green spaces play a crucial role in promoting biodiversity conservation within city environments. This study examines the impact of various green spaces in Cape Town, South Africa, on local flora and fauna. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research collected data through field surveys, remote sensing, and interviews with local stakeholders. Results indicate that strategically designed urban green spaces significantly enhance native biodiversity, providing critical habitats for various species. The findings suggest that urban planning should integrate biodiversity-friendly designs to support ecological sustainability in metropolitan areas.
This paper presents an Incidence Matrix based DC Optimal Power Flow (IM-DCOPF) approach considers the curtailed load value. Mathematical formulation and optimization problem in both stochastic and deterministic ones also are presented in this paper. A simple mathematical representation of the two-stage stochastic programming is developed. This paper utilizes the Incidence Matrix Approach (IMA) to reformulation the traditional DCOPF. Uncertain parameter which is addressed in this paper is load profile, which is depend on multifarious objects, such as weather, temperature and etc; and short-term load forecasts, also are sensitive to temporal behavior and weather. This paper considers multiple discrete probabilities for these kinds of load demands and corresponding problem representation is addressed. Detailed results from an illustrative example and a large scale case study are presented and discussed. The simulation results show that the presented method is both satisfactory and consistent with expectation for large scale poser system. Finally, some relevant conclusions are drawn.
Climate change poses significant threats to alpine ecosystems, which are characterized by unique biodiversity and specialized plant species. This study introduces an innovative approach to monitor and predict the impact of climate change on alpine flora using remote sensing data combined with advanced machine learning techniques. By employing satellite imagery analysis and predictive modeling, we aim to assess changes in vegetation patterns and species distribution over time. Our findings reveal that certain alpine plants are moving to higher altitudes, while some are facing extinction risks. The integration of remote sensing with machine learning offers a robust framework for conservation strategies and policy-making to protect these vulnerable ecosystems.
