Smoking is the cause of different diseases worldwide, with different forms of consumption, such as the hookah, which has been increasingly used in Brazil, especially among young people. The hookah is a water-based pipe with a mixture of different flavors and aromas, and it can be shared by more than one person at the same time. It can cause the transmission of infectious diseases, in addition to the development of systemic diseases due to their toxic substances. The objective of this work was to carry out a review on the hookah use and its interference in the individual\'s health. For this, a bibliographic search was carried out in the online database of PubMed/Medline and Scholar Google, in addition to other relevant sources, such as the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the American Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC). A total of 13 articles, which met the established inclusion criteria, were used in this review. It can be seen that the tobacco present in the hookah contains toxic and carcinogenic substances, in addition to the possibility of transmission of infectious diseases during its use, thus showing that this product is harmful to the health of the individual.
The present review article contains recently published results on Markov moment problem and related approximation. The main idea is to apply theorems concerning solutions of the abstract moment problem and approximation theory to the classical moment problem on unbounded subsets of R^n. We approximate some nonnegative functions of several variables by tensor products of positive polynomials in each separate variables, which for the analytic expression in terms of sums of squares is known. Thus, one obtains characterizations of the solutions of multidimensional moment problem in terms of quadratic forms, similarly to the one-dimensional case. On the other hand, the case of multiplicative operator-solution is discussed in the end.
Identification and analysis of logistics costs in enterprises causes significant problems for small and medium-sized enterprises, especially due to adopted method of economic actions recording. In this paper the authors present the implemented methodology and the results of research on the size and structure of logistics costs in small and medium enterprises in relation to the firm generated revenue. Results of analyzes have been compared to results of research in other countries. Then authors point on the methods of logistics costs accounting in the surveyed companies.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of 12 weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation program with a treadmill on exercise capacity of burned children measured by maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). Methods: thirty children from both sexes with healed partial thickness thermal burns participated in this study one month after being discharged from hospital. The patients’ age ranged from 7-17 years with total body surface area (TBSA) of 20-40 %. Patients were randomized to either group A(control) who received their traditional physical therapy program, or group B ( pulmonary rehabilitation group) who received in addition to traditional physical therapy program a pulmonary rehabilitation program in the form of aerobic exercises on a treadmill. The treatment was continued for 12 weeks at the frequency of 3 times per week. VO2max and treadmill time were measured before treatment and after 12 weeks after treatment. Results: there were significant differences between the groups. VO2max and treadmill time improvements for groups A and B were 26.9%, 25.6% and 58.6%, 60.5% respectively. Conclusion: adding aerobic exercises to traditional rehabilitation program is more effective in improving exercise capacity of burned children rather than performing traditional rehabilitation program alone, which accelerates the return of the children to their schools and perform their daily living activities.\nKey words: Burn; Aerobic exercise; Exercise capacity.
The milkweed bug, Spilostethus pandurus, is an agricultural pest in Egypt and some other tropical and subtropical areas. The objective of the present work is to clarify some biological parameters and morphological descriptions to emphasize the future researches from the ecological view point to the physiological study, biochemical study and control programs, integrated pest management program, study. Adult emergence of S. pandurus in summer season was higher than that in winter season. The increased longevity of S. pandurus was associated with prolonged rate of sexual maturation and low mean daily fecundity and that the life span increased during the cold months of the year and decreased during the hot summer and the males lived longer than females. The morphological descriptions of the adult and immature stages of S. pandurus were agreed with the taxonomic illustrations.
The friction between piston ring and cylinder liner were studied using the pin-on plate reciprocating tests. For this aim, cast iron cylinder liner was borided. The friction coefficients of normal and borided cylinder liners were measured in different reciprocating speeds. Frictional correlation of piston ring and cylinder liner was determined changing material properties of cylinder liner and crank angles of engine.\n\nAs a result of this study, the hardness of the surface has improved four times and abrasive wear resistance has increased. The roughness of the surface is decreased and a porous structure has been obtained. When the roughness is fallen, the friction coefficient has also diminished. Porous structure has increased oil-retaining capability. In case of mixed lubrication, the friction coefficient has become less at the section of metal-metal friction because of the hardness of the surface. The friction tests indicated an important influence of the material property and the surface structure on tribology formation. Hydrodynamic lubrication feature has become more due to the porous structure. Consequently wear and friction resistant of cylinder liner surface has been decreased by boronizing grey cast iron.
Local positioning System is a well known problem that has been in focus for years. If the position of any means of transport having contact with ground is known, there are many important applications. While GPS has been widely used for outdoor application there is as yet no local positioning system with broad applicability for situations where GPS is unavailable or unreliable. The main objective of this research is to design and develop a Local Positioning System (LPS) that practically identify the exact location of any means of transport which has physical contact with ground. The system successfully implemented for possible information of direction, and speed of vehicle. The communication strategy is telephonic medium which can be changed to microwave. The research suggests low cost, Local Positioning System (LPS) which is designed, developed and tested and successfully implemented in controlled environment, based on 8751 Microcontroller Assembly language and Visual Basic. This system can be setup in different public departments such as Hospitals Ambulance services, Police Monitoring system and freight services etc. to enhance their effectiveness and efficiency.
This research work focuses on precision turning of Ti6Al4V material to investigate the machinability of the material. Precision turning is a type of machining where, very low feed rate and depth of cut is being used to machine using a cutting insert with a lower nose radius. The cutting parameters considered for the experiments include the cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius. PVD coated carbide cutting inserts with different nose radius and constant rake and clearance angle are being considered for experimentation. The experimentation was designed based on Taguchi’s L 27 orthogonal array. Three different levels of cutting parameters were being considered for the experimentation. The turning experiments were carried out on a conventional variable speed motor lathe under dry working conditions. Based upon the experimental values, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted to understand the influence of various cutting parameters on cutting force, surface roughness and cutting tool temperatures during precision turning of titanium alloy. There are a number of techniques available for predicting responses using input parameters e.g. fuzzy inference system (FIS) etc. But present work uses Fuzzy Inference System (Mamdani Fuzzy logic) to predict the dimensional accuracy in part produced by precision turning. The inference engine in Mamdani type FIS uses rules which are obtained with the help of design of experimental technique (DOE). Where the cutting parameters have considered influences on chip formation, tool wear, surface roughness, and cutting forces.
