Knowledge is becoming a competitive weapon for every business partners and the synergic outcome of their collaboration is becoming a requirement for supply network competitiveness. One of the major challenges of networks is the Practices of knowledge transfer which can influence the innovation capability as a unique advantage of a supply base. This study examines a model to improving knowledge transfer and innovation between suppliers in automotive industries. The model implies that organizational factors, knowledge characteristics, acquisition capacity and level of collaboration affect knowledge transfer and subsequently impact on innovation. The research conducted on supply network of auto industry indicated that knowledge transfer is associated with four factors and it has a significantly positive impact on innovation. The findings can be used by managers to more efficiently knowledge transfer process and better resource allocation to improving innovation.
The present study has been done during the financial year 2011 for reaching to the five dimensional goals; branch ranking, efficiency determination, basic branch determination, presentation of solution for inefficient branch and ultimately ranking of efficient units. Then a suitable model is presented for evaluate of efficiently. In this study researchers have been studied Bank Melli Iran that, the greatest defalcation (about 3000 million Dollars) in the history of Iran is originated from this bank. In this content, first of all, by applying random hierarchical sampling, 56 branches from 141 access branches are selected in 3 group of third, fourth, and fifth classes that the obtained results have shown that around 70% of third class branches( 6 branches from 9 branches), 10% from fourth class branches (3 branches from 30 branches) and 8% from fifth class branches (3 branches from 17 branches) have relative efficiency that incorrect distribution of work force in branch and concentration of funds in some branches cause inefficiency in these branches. Empirical investigation represent lack of management in the inefficient branches that by introducing best-practice branches and following inefficient branches managers from best-practice branches, efficiency level would be increased considerably.
Social capital is a modern concept which has an important role in political, social and economic life of human beside other capitals such as physical, financial and human capitals. As its name shows, this kind of capital deals with optimizing condition of social participation and solidarity. Therefore, social scholars emphasize on importance of social capital along contemporary life to maintain social cohesion. \nAs this vital capital has a strong interaction and dependency with physical, economic and human capitals, it helps to accelerate economic, cultural and informational and community development. In this regard, although social capital has been raised during economic interactions for the first time, however, it entered to other areas of social and political sciences through this course so that it now considers as one of the most important resources to exploit social forces to achieve eminency of society. In the present research we deal with definitions, aspects, benefits and risks of social capital which may be a resolution for many problems of modern communities through analytical-descriptive method.
One of the important strategies to remove the rural women unemployment problem is pay attention to entrepreneurship. Is spite of that 13.9 percent of Iran total human capital is rural women; their potential abilities are less well thought-out so they have always faced several barriers in the way of entrepreneurship. Therefore, this study was aimed to identification entrepreneurship barriers of rural women which was done in 2011-2012. This is applied study and the methodology is correlation. The main tool of the study is questionnaire. Statistical population of the study was 115 people of rural people which were studied by census. After data extraction, SPSS version 17 was used to the statistical analysis. The study\'s findings concerning the development of entrepreneurship indicated that most of the respondents (41.7 percent), after starting their business, stated that their entrepreneurship development is at a high level. Findings of regression analysis showed that economic and educational obstacles have determined 19 percent of rural women entrepreneurship development.\n Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship development, Entrepreneur, Rural women, Garmsar township
148 years ago some sort of Turkmen traditional houses raised in east coastline of Caspian Sea in Iran, This place was named Gomishan. This paper tries to estimating potential of energy saving in verandahs of Gomishan\'s old vernacular houses. Verandahs are some kind of Passive Cooling System that assumed as outdoor living spaces. To estimating it\'s potential, first area divided to 85×85 cm squares and then by using Olgyay’s bioclimatic chart, it\'s thermal comfort determines. In other word every square determines by three situation, hot, cold and comfort. So it can be determine percent of comfort area in each time of day and each month.
Human resources are the most valuable factor among the production ones (land, technology, and capital) and have a key role in empowerment. This study was aimed to determine causal model of self-efficacy resources on human empowering in the ministry of interiors which is carried out in 2011. This is descriptive survey and its methodology is co relational. The statistical population was 439 persons of managers and experts of interior ministry in according to Cochran formula, 149 people were selected by Simple Random Sampling (SRS). The main study tool was questionnaire. Finding showed that most of the respondents (57.7 percent) have moderate view to empowering. Majority of them (84.6 percent) believed that the affect rate of self-efficacy resources on human resources empowerment is much. Also, results showed that motivation is the most important influencing variable on human resources empowerment and it determined about 19% of empowering of human resources.\nKeywords Causal Model, Self-efficacy resources, Empowering of Human Resources
Nowadays, providing the food needs is one of the fundamental problems, as food security has become one of the governmental priorities. According to the current food insecurity and using biotechnology to produce inexpensive, healthy, and abundant food, the essentiality of this study is justified. This study was aimed at evaluating the attitude of Tehran province\'s experts toward the role of biotechnology in food security improvement. Results showed that the households` food security status is inappropriate. Results indicated that most of the respondents (57.3 percent) stated that the biotechnological requirements are highly effective for the food security improvement. In addition, according to the biologists, professional and efficient experts, participation and investment of the public and private sectors and government encouragements of the biotechnological products` producers play the main role in Tehran province\'s food security improvement. Also, regression analysis showed that the biotechnological requirements explained about 9.1 percent of the variance of the households` food security.\n Keywords: food security, biotechnology, experts, Tehran province
