This research aims to evaluate the consumption behavior of citizens in Isfahan, focusing on their preference for foreign goods. The study investigates factors such as perceived quality, durability, and the impact of satellite advertisements and ineffective domestic advertising on consumer choices. A sample of 565 individuals, aged 25 to 52, was selected through random cluster sampling. A questionnaire developed with expert input was used, achieving a reliability of 85% based on the Cronbach's Alpha index. The findings indicate that citizens perceive foreign goods as superior in quality and durability. The influence of modernity, technology, and aesthetics also affects the tendency to prefer foreign goods. No significant differences were found between male and female consumption behaviors concerning foreign goods.

This study investigates the role of native pollinators in the conservation of alpine flora across various mountainous regions. By analyzing the interaction between pollinators and endemic plant species, the research highlights the critical interdependencies that sustain biodiversity in alpine ecosystems. Through comprehensive field studies and ecological modeling, we assess the resilience of these systems to climate change and human activities. The findings emphasize the necessity of preserving pollinator habitats to maintain ecological balance and ensure the survival of unique alpine plant species.

This paper draws upon De Morgan’s laws to suggest a simple design with high polarity and reduced number of cells for the NAND, NOR, and XOR complete gates on the quantum dot cellular automata (QCA). NAND and NOR complete gates are the fundamental basic gates to design all the digital systems. Different combinational and sequential circuits have been designed in the previous research which have utilized AND and OR common models and NAND and NOR complete gates. If an optimum model can be designed and proposed for these gates, it can be definitely predicted that with these gates, designing other circuits will be more simple and optimal. One of the other most applicable complete and efficient gates in digital systems and network is the XOR gate. In this paper, a model of simple design has been suggested for the XOR gate without employing multilayer with the appropriate delay. The proposed designs have been simulated with QCADesigner software. The results of simulating gates have been more appropriate in comparison to the previous research.

This study investigates the effects of climate change on the plant species diversity and distribution in the Zagros Mountains of Iran over a 50-year period (1970-2020). Utilizing remote sensing data and field surveys, we analyzed shifts in vegetation patterns and identified key factors driving changes in floristic composition. Results indicate a significant decline in endemic species and shifts in altitudinal ranges, linked to temperature rise and altered precipitation patterns. Our findings underscore the urgent need for conservation strategies to protect vulnerable plant communities in this biodiverse region.

Using oilseeds with high oil content can play a major role in biodiesel production. In this study, safflower oilseed (Isfahan cultivar) was evaluated and experimented as a biodiesel production feedstock because of its high oil content (30%). The results showed that the kinematic viscosity (4.27 mm²/s) of the produced biodiesel from safflower oil was in the approved range of D6751 ASTM standard. It was also close to the viscosity of soybean methyl ester, but it was better than palm. Its flash point (173˚C) was higher than petroleum diesel and the range of ASTM D6751 standard. In addition, its cold flow properties were similar to soybean methyl ester and better than palm. The cetane index of the produced fuel was lower than the cetane index of palm oil methyl ester, but it was nearly as high as the cetane index of soybean methyl ester. The distillation range of the produced fuel was 303.4-391.2 ˚C.

Abstraction\nThe Core Objective of the research is the comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) with psychopharmacological intervention on the patients with anxiety disorders (Generalized anxiety disorders and social phobia (social anxiety disorder) and obsessive compulsive disorder).The research was performed on 300 Iranian women with average age of 18to 45. 150 of the patient received CBT and 150 received psychopharmacological intervention. The selection method was randomized. The course of treatment for CBT group was 16 to 18 sessions which held per week and the other group’s treatment course was 6 months to one year. Both groups were tested by two psychological valuable tests SCL90R and Johns irrational believe test (IBT) at the beginning after a psychological diagnosis interview according to DSM4R.All of them after the treatment have responded to the satisfaction of treatment inventory. The inventory was made by the researcher, it has 10 question which each question of it has 5 options and scored by Likert method. The final analysis showed that the patients who received CBT had more satisfaction than the other group which received psychopharmacological treatment method.\nKey words: Cognitive behavior therapy, Psychopharmacology, Anxiety disorders.

Seed germination response of black nightshade to hormones, osmotic potential, salt stress, pH, and burial depth was investigated in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Adding the concentration of GA3 increased seed germination to 99% at the treatments of 25, 200, and 400 ppm. Seed germination decreased as the concentration of cytokinin increased from 0.1-5 mM. Wet and dry prechilling duration increased seed germination of black nightshade. Germination of black nightshade seeds decreased as ethanol concentrations increased from 0.3 to 30%. A significant decline in germination was observed by increasing NaCl concentration. Germination of black nightshade seed significantly decreased as the osmotic potential declined. Seed germination was observed over a broad range of pH. Seedling emergence was greatest for seeds scattered on the soil surface and decreased with increasing planting depth.