Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mainly comprises ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Arthropathies are common extraintestinal manifestations in patients with IBD. Apart from IBD-associated arthropathies, few cases of concomitant IBD and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been reported. This article provides a review of concomitant cases of IBD and RA reported in the literature. There were 28 cases of IBD (21 UC cases and 7 CD cases) and RA, excluding cases of drug-induced IBD in patients with RA. Female patients were dominant [71.4% (20/28)]. RA preceded IBD in 23 cases (82.1%), whereas IBD preceded RA in 4 cases (14.3%), and one case (3.6%) was nearly simultaneously diagnosed. In concomitant cases of UC and RA, all cases were pancolitis (60%) or left-sided colitis type (40%) (no cases of proctitis were found), excluding one case whose type of UC was unknown. Although the RA stages according to the Steinbrocker classification varied from stage Ⅰ to Ⅳ, the functional classification of the 8 identified cases were assessed as class Ⅱ. Vital prognosis may be relatively favorable in these concomitant cases.
The Cyanobacterium Spirulina, a multicellular and filamentous blue green microalga, is used in many countries around the world as a human-safe food. This research aimed to study the nutritional value of dried Spirulina algae and prepared healthy and high-nutritional-value ketchup blends fortified with Spirulina algae. This study revealed that Spirulina algae contained a high level of protein, at 60.00 ± 4.12% of dry weight. The results indicate that ketchup blends fortified with dried Spirulina algae at 1, 2, and 3 g/100 g had improved nutritional properties. Supplementing ketchup with Spirulina is proven to provide a good source of nutritional, functional, and health properties for use as a nutraceutical food.
Anaerobic degradation of municipal organic waste produces considerable amounts of biogas and leachates that pollute the environment. The valorization of this waste is an alternative for the generation of environmental and economic benefits. Hermetia illucens larvae digest a wide range of organic materials, turning them into high value protein and organic fertilizer. Bioconversion and weight accumulation dynamics by larvae fed with household waste (HW), restaurant waste (RW), porcine manure (PM) and bovine manure (BM) were evaluated. Larvae weight accumulation and waste degradation rates were estimated by adjusting data to logistic models. The highest weight accumulation rate was obtained with RW (0.315 � 0.090 g (g?d)-1), followed by BM (0.214 � 0.054 g (g?d)-1), PM (0.213 � 0.064 g (g?d)-1) and HW (0.199 � 0.064 g (g?d)-1). The larvae degraded PM, RW and HW in a similar way and faster than BM. Fitting data to logistic models allowed to analyze the dynamics of larvae weight gain and waste bioconversion and provided information for the optimal utilization of these processes.
On-line interactions provide a large knowledge exchange on variety kinds of information exchanged\nbetween users. There are many software systems available that provide on line learning systems, this\ntype of software expressed by forms, commercial or open source software. This paper is focused on\nMoodle, it explained the comparative study that done by many recent researches, it also shows the\ndifferent between Moodle and other learning management systems, in order to discover their strengths\nand limitations, discusses different points in these systems. Moodle has been adopted by many\nuniversities and organizations all of the world because it offers a large accusable set of tools, it got\nmany components were developed without a specific design documentation including its security\nservices. This paper surveys the comparative study between Moodle and other e-learning systems; it\naimed to discover the best and most suitable choice of e-learning system. We have fined the optimal\ne-learning platform required to our e-learning university system, and it is Moodle according to the used\nby many Universities around the word and from many works that has been done to date that\nencourages the used and develops this type of LMS
This paper reports the sensing properties of organic semiconducting material N-Butyl-N`-(6-hydroxyhexyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide (N-BuHHPDI). For this purpose, Au/N-BuHHPDI/Au sensor is fabricated using vacuum thermal deposition. In order to check the sensing capabilities of the device, the electrical capacitance and resistance is investigated under different temperature, light and humidity conditions. The sensor exhibited good response to humidity, light and temperature. Making use of the Tauc’s law, optical band gaps (2 eV, 2.18 eV and 3.78 eV) of N-BuHHPDI is calculated from its UV-Vis spectrum. The morphology of the film is investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM).
This paper conducts an empirical study to assess the relationship between two industries namely Cement Industry and the Iron & Steel Industry of India. In this study, Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) has been carried out between the two sets of financial ratios of the two industries. A set of 44 financial ratios for a period of 10 years has been used here. Factor Analysis is conducted first on each set of variables (financial ratios) to derive a smaller number of variables from each set for facilitating more reliable and focused study. Factor scores are saved as variables to proceed with the Canonical Correlation Analysis. Bivariate Pearson Correlation is carried out on one to one basis for analyzing the amount of association between the two sets of Canonical Variates. Multiple Regression Analysis is conducted to test the validity of the dependency and in-dependency relationship present amongst two sets variables. Results of the study are analyzed further to derive which aspects of the two industries are associated closely.
The purpose of this study is to examine whether ethical reasoning behavior is influenced by the three personal characteristics: years of experiences, age and gender. Three hypotheses were formulated. Questionnaires were sent to 1,500 managers and executive within the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. A total of 744 usable questionnaires were returned, yielding a response rate of 49.6%. Factor analysis was initially conducted to identify the major ethical reasoning dimensions, and these dimensions were then used as a basis for determining the effects of personal characteristics on the ethical reasoning behavior. Overall, it was found that SMEs executives and manager think and reason ethically varied from their age and years of experience. While we failed to prove the linear relationship (either positive or negative) between these two variables and the ethical reasoning behavior, respondents aged between 46 to 50 years old are found to score highest on the ethical reasoning evaluation. Female and male respondents have slight difference in ethical reasoning. The implications and suggestions for future research are presented.
Zeolites are naturally occurring aluminosilicate with several applications in many fields related to pollution control, radioactive waste management, petroleum refining, purification of gases, agriculture and others. Although, natural zeolites are not common in Egypt but bentonite sediments are. Therefore, the production of zeolites using bentonite minerals is an important issue in waste management. To convert bentonite clay to zeolitic materials, sodium hydroxide at different concentrations with two different treatments (magnetic stirring and autoclave treatments) were used. Obtained results indicated that zeolitic materials has been produced. X-ray diffraction analysis, Infra-red spectroscopy, chemical composition, cation exchange capacity and accessibility of internal sites were used to characterize the produced zeolitic materials. The nature of obtained zeolitic materials depend on the method of contact between clay and alkaline agent. Autoclave treatment showed the conversion of montomorillonite and kaolinite in the bentonite clay sediment to sodalite and analcime zeolitic materials, while magnetic stirring converted the same mineral to sodalite only when 3M NaOH was used. The CEC values of produced zeolitic materials increased with the rise in NaOH concentration until 2M, thereafter a decrease was observed for both treatment. Obtained results indicated that although ammonium is widely used to measure CEC, it seems inappropriate to apply to materials having smaller pores than the diameter of ammonium ion such as sodalite. Produced zeolitic materials have internal sites accessible to exchange with different ions and suitable to utilize in removing heavy metals or other ion toxicants from wastewater. Potentialities of produced zeolititc materials to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater were studied as a function of contact time. The maximum percentage of metals removed was increased more than two to more than three times than initial bentonite with different arrangement of metals removed. The current study indicated that zeolitic materials produced not only had high affinity for metal ions but also had high selectivity for certain ions.
This study links up the theories of social psychology, economics and sport management to assess the impact of sport participation on subjective well-being (SWB) and use a simple statistic method to estimate the relative monetary value that sport participation derives SWB for Taiwan’s college students. By constructing proper measurements on sport participation and SWB respectively, a structural equation model (SEM) is developed to perform a confirmatory factory analysis, and the causal relationship between sport participation and SWB as well as the effect of the demographic variables on these two concepts are also discussed.
Gupta et al. [Mehar\'s method to find exact fuzzy optimal solution of\nunbalanced fully fuzzy multi-objective transportation problems,\nOptimization Letters, DOI 10.1007/s11590-011-0367-2] proposed a new\nmethod to find the exact fuzzy optimal solution of un-capacitated\nfully fuzzy multi-objective transportation problems (FFMOTPs). In\nthis paper, limitations and shortcoming of this existing method are\npointed out and to overcome these limitations and shortcomings a new\nmethod is proposed to find the exact fuzzy optimal solution of\ncapacitated FFMOTPs. The proposed method can also be used to find\nthe exact fuzzy optimal solution of un-capacitated FFMOTPs. To show\nthe advantages of the proposed method over existing method the\nresults of un-capacitated and capacitated FFMOTPs, obtained by using\nthe existing method and\nproposed method, are compared.