Schistosomiasis is serious disease worldwide distribute. Controls of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails are important to stop transmit disease. However, there is only one molluscicide, niclosamide, recommended by the World Health Organization. Niclosamide has been used effectively but is toxic to non-target organisms. Some bacteria and fungi are causes of serious diseases. The extensive uses of antibiotics produce resistant strains of bacteria. In this study evaluate some extracts of waste materials from natural origin (date seeds, olive seeds and pomegranate peel) against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and some types of pathogenic bacteria and fungus. In the present study, the most potent extract as molluscicide is pet-ether extract of date seeds referring to its LC50 and LC95 values were 81.26 & 387.86, respectively. All tested biochemical parameters in this study are affected. Ethanolic extract of olive seed showed a significant antibacterial activity against Proteus sp, Klebsiella sp, and P. aeruginosa. The authors concluded that date seeds pet-ether extract is the most potent as molluscicide and can be used alternate to traditional one in control program. Also, the plant wastes extracts (olive seeds, date seeds and pomegranate peel are good sources of antimicrobial compounds against pathogenic and drug resistance bacterial and fungal strains.
This work employs Simarouba Glauca DC oil for biodiesel production. Urea�s Hydrolysis synthesis method promotes a higher hydrotalcite-type crystalline phase on catalytic systems composed by ZnCaAl (molar ratio 3:0.5:1) and ZnBaAl (molar ratio 2:0.3:1). The catalytic activity is shown by these oxides mixture while Simarouba Glauca DC oil transesterification reaction takes place. These results show the effectiveness of hydrotalcite catalysts ZnCaAl and ZnBaAl to carry out Simarouba Glauca DC oil�s transesterification reaction, using methanol, being able to reach until 90.7% of conversion by ZnBaAl catalyst.Also, it is important to remark that a hydrotalcite-type catalyst involves a new study field for transesterification reaction. Some their very important properties are: they are non-toxicity catalysts which are easy to separate and can be recycled, therefore environmentally friendly.
Background: Certain mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 are known to spread widely among humans, including the receptor binding domain (RBD) mutant, Y453F, from farmed minks, and the RBD mutant, N501Y, a mutation common to three major SARS-CoV-2 subspecies (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.1.248).\nMethods: We investigated the characteristics of the RBD mutants, Y453F and N501Y, using three-dimensional structural analysis. We also investigated the effect of Y453F and N501Y on neutralizing antibodies in serum derived from COVID-19-positive patients.\nResults: Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 subspecies with the RBD mutations Y453F or N501Y partially escaped detection by 4 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and 21 neutralizing antibodies in serums derived from COVID-19-positive patients.\nConclusions: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 subspecies that cause serious symptoms in humans may spread globally.
Mother Nature endowed this planet with abundant valuable medicinal plant resources, commonly used in traditional medicinal practices. Millions of grants money also used to conduct various types of research on medicinal plants around the world to prove their efficacy to cure various diseases. However, the currently available research evidence on the curative values of these medicinal plants against multiple diseases is mostly found as research publications. The good future of various significant therapeutic findings reported by the world researchers and scientists on medicinal plants purely depends on how this finding could reach the patient\'s bed to be utilized by the patient. It is a great challenge to bring the laboratory bench findings to the patient bed. Therefore, it is essential to take considerable effort and actions to benefit all the crucial conclusions of the laboratory findings by the patient. Hence, the present review was attempted to explore how to brings the laboratory bench findings on medicinal plants to patient beds as a productive medicinal plant’s-based therapeutics products. In this review, we discussed various issues including, therapeutic usage of medicinal plants and their extracts, formulation, safety, quality control, regulatory guidelines for marketing medicinal plants, clinical trial of medicinal plants on human subjects, the role of modern and traditional medical practitioners in the usage of medicinal plants, and finally, various medicinal plant preparation for delivery to patients.
Introduction: Morinda citrifolia Linn (Noni), is known for its anti-tumor, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory benefits, in addition to being an important ally for weight loss, possibly acting as an appetite suppressant. Due to the lack of study and possibly being related to cases of hepatitis, the commercialization of the fruit was banned by ANVISA, however, it continued its dissemination in the media as a potent agent in the fight against obesity. Objective: To evaluate liver function, blood glucose, and cholesterol levels of obese Wistar females using Morinda citrifolia Linn (Noni). Methods: The project was submitted to the approval and approval of the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (CEUA) of Faculdade Ceres, São José does Rio Preto-SP, under protocol number 008/2016. There were 14 Wistar rats divided into 2 groups of 7 animals being called the control group (C), which received water, and Noni group (N), which received 30% Noni juice, both for 90 days. The hyperlipidemic diet was prepared to contain 20% of lipid content, counting with the percentage of total fat existing in the commercialized diet. For each 1,500g of cooked rice, 200g of commercialized feed, 300g of lard, and 100 mL of water were added. After mixing, 100g portions were prepared. The treatment was started when the animals were over 450g. The Noni juice was prepared with ripe fruits, with a whitish-yellow aspect, after washing in running water, they were beaten in a centrifuge to obtain the pure pulp. For every 90 g of savings, 300 ml of water was added. Three blood samples were taken from the animals, one before treatment, 45 and 90 days. The TGP, TGO, and total cholesterol measurements were performed by spectrophotometry with commercial kits. After sacrificing for high doses of analgesics, the liver was removed for later staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Statistical analyzes were performed using the T-test and Fisher\'s exact test. Results: Group N had an average weight gain of 90.86g (SD +/- 89.089g) at the end of 90 days, while Group C the average was 126.29g (SD +/- 69.991g) with a difference between statistically significant groups (p=0.047). Group C had a mean TGO value of 23.15 mg/dL (SD +/- 5.488570) and group N of 15.90 mg / dL with p = 0.028, while TGP the mean was 5.1857 mg / dL (SD +/- 1.7667mg/dL) and 5.6714 (SD +/- 3.4630) (p = 0.747) respectively. When comparing the cholesterol values of groups C and N with 45 days of treatment were 78.60 mg / dL (SD +/- 21.925) and 74.59 (SD +/- 14.43) (p = 0.693); for 90 days 89.97 mg/dL (SD +/- 4.563) and 50.96 mg/dL (SD +/- 8.344) (p<0.001) respectively. When comparing the blood glucose values of groups C and N with 45 days of treatment, they were 63.33 mg/dL (SD +/- 18.206) and 68.97 mg/dL (SD +/- 22.989); for 90 days of treatment 155.36 mg/dL (SD +/- 18.316) and 76.34 mg/dL (SD +/- 7.155) respectively. Steatosis was the histological alteration present in both groups, however, when severity was classified, group N presented 100% of moderate and severe cases, while group C showed a difference between groups with p=0.001. Conclusion: Noni in a concentration of 30% for 90 days had an action related to the animals\' weight loss, presented a hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic action. Despite the hypocholesterolemic function, it worsened liver steatosis, reduced TGO values , and did not change TGP values.
Objective: To identify possible interferences in the quality of life of ostomized patients. Methods: Study participants were recruited from the Ostomy Association of S�o Jose do Rio Preto, S�o Paulo. Participants of both sexes with ostomy were included. Difficulties in answering the questionnaires were the exclusion criteria. Participants completed the sociodemographic questionnaire and then answered the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Results: 78 individuals participated in the study, with a mean age of 55 years (SD=16 years) and 56 years (SD=15 years) when they underwent the ostomy. It was identified that 66.7% of the participants have a cancer diagnosis and that, despite higher values in the mean responses of cancer patients when compared to the questionnaire domains, no statistical differences were found. The median time from the date of the ostomy to the date of the interview was 7.9 years (SD=7.56 years). The correlation analysis between the time of ostomy and the domains of the questionnaire showed that time did not interfere with the quality of life. Conclusion: The oncological diagnosis does not interfere with the quality of life of the ostomized patient. There is no interference in the time of the ostomy from the first month after the procedure and there is a positive impact when compared to other ostomates or those who have a religion. Specialized care and contact with people who have the same diagnosis contribute to improving the quality of life of these patients.
Introduction: Excessive alcohol consumption among medical students is a matter of concern, not only because of possible personal harm, but also due to the development and structuring of cognitive-behavioral and emotional skills, damage to public assets, and violence, but also due to the negative impact on their performance doctor. Objective: Evaluate the pattern of alcohol use by medical school students and analyze risk zones according to age, gender and stage attended in college. Methods: This work followed a descriptive observational study model, in which the instrument Audit (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) was applied among students from the first to the fourth years of a medical course. Results: In total, 282 students participated in the survey. Considering the zones defined by Audit, the following distribution was observed: 144 students (51.1%) were in zone I, 92 (32.6%) in zone II, 25 (8.9%) in zone III, and 21 students (7.4%) in zone IV of alcohol consumption. There was a significant difference between genders, with a higher proportion of harmful use (zones III and IV) among men, compared to women (p=0.046). There was no significant difference between risk zones and age (p = 0.787), as well as the stage followed, although there was a trend towards a higher proportion of harmful use in the first two years of the course (p=0.063). Conclusion: This study opened perspectives for new follow-up studies to be carried out, with educational measures implemented by trained professionals.
Ovine estrosis is a disease which causes serious economic losses in the herd of small ruminants, particular in sheep, stunted growth, nervous symptoms called \"false whirling\", it is also a disease that we may find in humans, and this affection is very widespread in the world especially in the areas with pastoral breeding. A study carried out from January to June 2019, aiming to study the parasite Oestrus ovis in the adult state and the larval stages L1, L2, and L3. We obtained ten flies following the breeding of 24 third-stage larvae, the study of the larvae resulted in the recognition of the different stages according to the weight, length and width than their morphological characteristics specific to each evolutionary stage. Two first instars larvae or 5.71%, the L2 were 10 (29.57%) and the L3 where 24 (68.57%). We hope that our experimental work will bring a plus to the system and allow other similar works to see the light.
Introduction: Skin conditions contributed 1.79% to the global burden of 306 diseases and injuries in 2013. It was found that the normal human skin microbiome had high diversity and high interpersonal variation. The microbiota compositions of diseased lesional skin (in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis) showed distinct differences compared to healthy skin. The role of microbial colonization in establishing immune system homeostasis has been reported, while host-microbe interactions and genetically determined variation of stratum corneum properties may be linked to skin dysbiosis. Objective: To analyze through a systematic review the main considerations about the intestinal Skin-Microbiota axis, presenting the importance of intestinal health for healthy skin. Methods: The model followed for the systematic review was PRISMA. The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Ovid and Cochrane Library, Web Of Science, Science Direct Journals (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), OneFile (Gale) databases. Results: For the development and understanding of the regulatory processes involving the intestinal Skin-Microbiota axis, chronic inflammation is a crucial factor for the development of autoimmune diseases. Specifically, pathological T cells residing in the skin of psoriasis patients produce excess IL-17 in response to IL-23, triggering the production of pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1?, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-?, and keratinocyte chemoattractants. These signaling molecules support chronic skin inflammation and cause epidermal hyperplasia. The interaction of hormonal, neuronal, and inflammatory signaling has a major impact on skin health. Psychological distress alters the physiology of the skin, stimulating proinflammatory responses. Also, psychological stress positively regulates prolactin secretion, which in turn determines keratinocyte proliferation and sebum production by the sebaceous glands. Similarly, the appearance of autoimmune skin diseases such as psoriasis and allergic disorders such as atopic dermatitis is correlated with chronic inflammation and degranulation of mast cells. Conclusion: Current scientific evidence reveals the existence of an important intestinal Skin-Microbiota axis, highlighting the management of dermatoses through probiotics and prebiotics, as well as a lifestyle change. Managing skin diseases in the future may include manipulating bowel function. Treatments that increase or repair a leaky barrier bowel may become important as adjunctive therapy in the management of inflammatory skin diseases and may help increase the effectiveness of standard dermal therapy. All of this would be aimed at modifying the secretory, metabolic and hormonal activity of the intestinal epithelium to impact skin inflammation.
The main objective of the present study is cloning streptokinase gene of mutant strain (UV and ethyl methyl sulphonate mutated) EMS1 of S. equinus VIT_VB2 in E.coli BL21 (DE3) and studying the gene expression in the new host. The current study deals with the extraction of chromosomal DNA from EMS1 (Ultraviolet and ethyl methyl sulphonate mutated) mutant strain of S.equinus VIT_VB2. The streptokinase (SK) gene was amplified from the mutant strain by cloning matured SK gene (1.2 kb) in pGEX-4T-2 vector which comprises a GST tag and tac promoter. The recombinant plasmid with SK gene was routinely analysed and controlled by polymerase chain reaction. The alignment of gene sequence was analysed with reference restriction enzyme BamHI. Out of 30 recombinant isolates of SK (recombinant clone - RC1 to RC30), 10 isolates expressed the production of SK. The maximum zone of hydrolysis of the rSK from RC10 clone on casein plasminogen overlay agarose assay and fibrin plate method. The activity of fused fibrinolytic protein was determined by the hydrolysis of plasmin using chromogenic substrate assay, it was found to be 12432.51± 1.9 IU mLˉ¹. The partial clot lysis of rSK was found to be 100% at 10th min. The SDS PAGE revealed the molecular weight of GST-tagged SK of 72 kDa. The activity of SK showed 2-fold increase from wild to recombinant strain. Hence this strain could be used industrially for large scale SK production and potential contribution in the field of therapeutics. This study is first to report and to manifest the potential production of recombinant streptokinase from a non-pathogenic strain, Streptococcus equinus isolated from bovine milk.
Distraction in discussion occasionally occurs among children. This occurred if the\nchildren were discussing without supervision by the teacher in the classroom.\nChildren have different ideas and experiences and with their knowledge, they tend\nto be distracted and discussed things that they had experienced before. The\nobjectives of the paper were to determine the distractions in discussion among\nchildren and to analyze the discussion by using the pragmatic approach. One\nfocus group which consisted of ten students aged 10 year old participated in this\nstudy. The children were in pairs and questions were asked by the teacher in\norder to start the discussion. The discussions were taped and selected extracts\nwere analyzed by using the pragmatic approach was utilized. The results of the\nstudy revealed that the students were distracted during the discussion but\ncontinued with the discussion when the teacher asked questions. On the other\nhand, the subjects gained confidence during the discussion and were able to\naccept the suggestions and ideas from their friends. It is hoped that future study\nwill concentrate on the studies on distractions during hands-on activities to\nenhance learning.
Microorganisms are attractive sources of proteases as they can be artificially cultured in large quantities in a relatively short time by established fermentation methods. Microbial proteases have been and will continue to gain global significant prominence, particularly in commercial industries. Microbial alkaline proteases dominates the world enzyme market, accounting for a nearly two-thirds share of the detergent industry. Screening and characterization of these proteases from different sources serves many advantages from both environmental and industrial points of view. Most of the microbial proteases of significant application in detergent industry are bacterial alkaline proteases from genus Bacillus. The major bottleneck has been the screening of wild-type biocatalyst that would be detergent compatible with increase efficiency than what is seen today. Given their role in commercial industries; it is deemed imperative to gather the disperse literature on the current state of the art describing the sources, classification, application and biosynthetic regulation of bacterial proteases. Special emphasis has been given to bacterial alkaline proteases that are detergent compatible.
The proposed work presents a new pertinent scheme for optimal allocation of FACTS devices in the\nlight of biogeography based optimization to enhance the voltage stability besides minimizing the\nvoltage deviation of the load buses and real power losses of the network. The strategy proposes three\ntypes of FACTS devices that includes static VAR compensator, thyristor controlled series compensator\nand unified power flow controller; and offers optimal locations for placement, type and parameters of\nthe FACTS devices. Test results on IEEE 14, 30 and 57 bus systems expose the superiority and\nreliability of the algorithm
Fuzzy clustering techniques have been applied in many varied fields including medicine, geology, and engineering. The Fuzzy c-Means (FCM) algorithm, developed by Dunn and generalized by Bezdek, has been use in pattern recognition, clustering, and feature selection and has been found to be very useful for eliminating subjective interpretation of data from the review process. This paper focuses on finding small number of genes that can best predict the type of cancer. From the samples taken from several groups of individuals with known classes, the group to which a new individual belongs to is determined accurately. The paper uses a classical Fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm for gene selection and classification. The methodology was applied on publicly available cancer databases.
This research article described a conceptual magnetic absorber system and proposed a new concept in vibration energy absorption system using magnetic force energy. Conventionally passive absorbers are use for suppression of vibration energy which worked on contact force methods, these methods have several limitations and disadvantages beside that, the reliability and maintenance are also main constraints in these conventional absorbers. The proposed technique uses the potential magnetic force energy which is frictionless and non-contact method. The proposed magnetic absorber system worked on the principle of opposite polarity repelling force theory and NdFeB35 permanent magnet are used for experimental purpose. In this paper simple conceptual model has been developed and presented to illustrate the magnetic flux pattern “B” and the force “F”, that exist in the system. The non-contact repelling force generate when the magnetic field from same polarity place on oppositely thus repel each other. Simulation result shows that magnetic force increased proportionally along with increasing of air gap. This paper also compared the results with previous proposed model concept. Comparison results proved that the force exist on new proposed conceptual model is greater than previous and proposed technique can give better results in vibration energy absorption applications.
In this paper, we prove approximate solutions and Euler solutions for set valued integro- differential equations.
Abstract\n In the absence of fossil fuels, the sun is the major source of electrical energy. Due to increasing human need for clean energy sources, MSCs solar industry is growing very rapidly. High cost and low efficiency of solar cells is the main problem now. Efficiency solar cells is determined by the absorption spectrum with the intrinsic properties of the bulk semiconductor. MSCs have the ability to make silicon solar photons absorbed all the energy of the electrostatic free of them and dug and finally electricity. Due to the high price of raw materials and semi-conductor processes for converting raw materials into functional cells, production of these cells with very high cost. In this paper the quantum size effects of nano particles, quantum limitation, silicon, nano-crystal silicon, Silicon Quantum Dots, Silicon Quantum Dots in silicon carbide, QD silicon in silicon carbide, nano-structured solar cells, Silicon Quantum Dots, the main waste In a solar cell, solar cell efficiency with silicon quantum dot-Text.
