Purpose: Objectives and research questions in the research are related to analyze legal instruments which were undertook in past and that are taken in Macedonia during COVID 19 pandemics, in order to help tourism sector in better way, to “survive” very hard period of this situation. Analyses of key Macedonian tourism parameters are done in the research. \nResearch Methods: Different methods are used in the research, such as analysis of legal instruments represent by passed bylaws of the Macedonian Government and Ministry of economy, then, analysis of the statistical data. Case-study method is used, also statistical method and its characteristics, and of course different logical methods are used. The most appropriate, research instruments and analysis of significant and valorized data is done and implemented. \nResults and Discussion: The key findings of the study are that beside other economic instruments and measures, also legal instruments help a lot to the tourism sector in this very tough period, and with that it impacts to other related segments of economy. This successful tool should be continued in the future. \nImplications: This research will help a lot to policy makers and also tourism stakeholders, for projection of next steps that should be undertaking in the future in order to help tourism sector, and to adapt to different situations and scenarios which COVID 19 and all related to that, will affect also in the next period.\nKeywords: Legal instruments; Decrees; Tourism sector; COVID 19
ABSTRACT\n Purpose: The aim of our in vitro study was to evaluate the sealing quality of the core-carrier system GuttaCore and compare it with central cone technique with tapered gutta-percha cones regarding apical leakage. Materials and methods: 24 human single rooted teeth were used for the study. Root canal preparation was done using ProTaper Universal rotary system up to F3. The teeth were randomly assigned into 2 groups, depending on the root canal filling technique. The specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye and the linear dye leakage at the apical third was measured in mm. Results: Statistical analysis showed that Guttacore group had significantly less leakage in apical third than the central cone technique. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, it could be concluded that obturator techniques showed better sealing results as the central cone technique in the apical third of root canals.\nKeywords: apical sealing, microleakage, Protaper rotary instruments, Guttacore
An 84-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to paraplegia. Her history included intermittent self-catheterization for a neurogenic bladder from the age of 71 years. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spinal epidural abscess (SEA) spanning the posterior thoracic and lumbar spine. Blood and urine cultures grew Escherichia coli (E. coli), and SEA development was hypothesized to be due to hematogenous spread of the etiological agent from a urinary tract infection (UTI). Although surgery was not performed, antimicrobial therapy led to abscess resolution but with residual neurological deficit. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of UTI, subsequent septicemia, and SEA development due to E. coli infection in a patient with a neurogenic bladder.
ABSTRACTBackground: Degeneration can precede herniation of the IVD that is followed by local radix inflammation and pain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the total antioxidant status, and total oxidant status, their ratio, and the oxidative stress index in patients who have cervical disc herniations. Methods: Between June 2017 and July 2020, 48 patients, in whom cervical disc disease was detected via radiological examination, and 49 healthy subjects participated in the study. TAS, TOS, paraoxonase, lipid hydroperoxydase levels were measured through the use of commercially available kits. OSI levels were calculated based on their ratio.Results: Forty-eight patients, 25 female (52.1%) and 23 male (47.9%), were selected for the study, with a mean age of 41.4 � 5.96 years. No difference was identified between the patient and control groups with respect to either age and gender (p>0.005). The patients� lipid hydroperoxydase, TAS, and paraoxonase levels were significantly lower than those seen in patients in the control group (p<0.001). TOS levels and OSI were significantly higher in the patient group (p<0.001). Conclusions: Increased oxidative stress may be associated with pain and neurological deficits in patients, who have cervical disc herniation, and long-term follow-up studies are needed on this subject.Keywords: Spinal herniation; Antioxidant free radical; Oxidative stress
The impact of the standard of living on dietary adequacy of university youth was assessed, using a clustered multi-stage stratified random sample and a questionnaire \"FFQ\" was applied online, as 35% of the Egyptian population are within age15-35yrs. Due to extended Covid-19 epidemic era and consequently a low response rate, the number of respondents was 38 university male students, from a state university (Zagazig University), in an agricultural governorate, representing a low income category and a private university (Future University), in Cairo, representing high income category. The criterium was the average deficit or surplus percent of daily per capita food consumption considering the Recommended dietary allowance. The results indicated that the university youth of less income households showed a deficit of 11%, 29% and 5% in daily food-intake of Calories, Protein and Lipids and the youth of high-income households showed a surplus of 20%, 14% and 31%, respectively. Results were statistically significant using Welsh t-test. The study concluded that both categories suffer from malnutrition, but the rich category was due to less nutrition education and simulation of the western countries dietary pattern (Fast-food) and not for lacking income. While the rich category represents a small portion of the population but holds a high portion of purchase power that accelerates the increase in food prices, leading to deep the malnutrition of the majority category that holding much less portion of purchase power. Dietary Fe adequacy showed significant surplus of 18% and 45% in food-intake of both less income and high-income category. However, such surplus wouldn\'t protect youth from anemic diseases, as the beverages share in their dietary pattern was high. Such unfavorite nutritional attitude could be treated via an orientation program concerning nutrition education to develop the awareness of university youth towards health diet and practicing physical fitness.
The objective was to identify difficulties experienced by relatives/caregivers of elderly people/family with Alzheimer’s disease and develop (geronto) interdisciplinary care technologies for the daily lives of elderly people with Alzheimer’s disease. This is a critical critical research-action, conducted with seven relatives/caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer’s disease and 12 health academic students from a university in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected with the relatives/caregivers in September 2020, through semi-structured interviews. With the academics, three focus groups were held from September to November 2020. Data were processed using the textual discourse analysis technique. how results were found a total of 12 categories were raised, covering difficulties experienced by relatives/caregivers regarding forgetfulness; bathing; as well as diverse difficulties and family, for which suggestions for (geronto) interdisciplinary care technologies were outlined. it is concluded that relatives/caregivers experience difficulties in their daily lives, which can be minimized through the use of interdisciplinary (geronto) care technologies.
The objective was, based on a previous investigative process, to carry out educational actions with women from a recyclable materials association, with a view to the promotion and protection of health. The study is associated with an action research project. This manuscript will address the final stages of the method, which are related to the interventions in the participants\' reality. To this end, regular health education workshops were conducted between January/2021 and abril/2021, based on a previously designed and organized plan with the women from the association of recyclable materials. The results of this study demonstrate that health education transcends preconceived mental schemes and previously agreed schedules. It involves interactive and dialogical skills to try to influence the users\' behavior, as well as the mobilization of latent forces, in which each subject perceives himself as the protagonist of his own history. The authors conclude that education and health promotion require proactive leadership in the defense of life and health, through integral and effective dialogue with the various social actors.
This paper is based on the pulling out of key terms that have the aptitude to describe the meaning of a manuscript. The initial step of text mining process like clustering, classification, summarization etc involves the phase of term or keyword identification that helps describe the topic of the document. In this paper the use of genetic engineering in the above mentioned phase has been demonstrated. Researches performed prove that the genetic algorithm serves as an optimization technique for the generation of the topic terminologies of the passage or document. It is seen that two terms can possess the same frequency in a single document but one term contributes more to the meaning of the corpus. Thus it is necessary to take into consideration various features like word position, maximum number of words in a sentence, total number of words in a document, etc to extract the terms. Considering all these features, this paper shows a clear view of a new genetic algorithm using an enhanced derivation method for extracting keywords from the text document.
CBIR involves searching for similar images for a query image in an image database. The proposed\nmethodology aims at improving the classification and retrieval accuracy of images. Wavelet\nHistograms (WH) is used to design a simple and efficient CBIR system with good performance\nwithout using any intensive image processing feature extraction technique. The unique indexed\ncolor histogram and wavelet decomposition based horizontal, vertical and diagonal image\nattributes serve as the main features for the retrieval system. In this work, those distinct image\nfeatures are used for classification and retrieval using support vector machine (SVM).The\nperformance of the proposed content based image classification and retrieval system is evaluated\nwith the standard SIMPLIcity dataset. The performance of the system is measured with precision\nas the metric since the other compared methods use it as the main metric. For validating results,\nholdout validation and k-fold cross validation are used. The proposed system performs obviously\nbetter than SIMPLIcity and all the other compared methods.
This paper presents the implementation of a digital receiver for 2.4 GHz Zigbee IEEE 802.15.4 applications on a Spartan3E XC3S500E field programmable gate array (FPGA). The proposed digital receiver comprises an offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK) demodulator, chip synchronization, and a de-spreading block. A new design method that uses Verilog hardware description language (HDL) code through Xilinx ISE version 12 was developed to design these blocks. These blocks were integrated into one top module for optimization. Simulation and measurement were conducted to verify the functionality of the receiver. Implementation results show that the receiver design matched the theoretical expectation. The implementation configuration required up to 22% less slices, flip-flops (FFs), and look-up tables (LUTs) than that in previous research. The clock frequencies used were as low as 250 kHz and 2 MHz.
This work is to study whether the self-concept affects the psychological well-being of the women inmates. In addition, we are interested to find out if there are variations in these terms with time that inmates are in prison. The sample includes 300 prisoners and the instruments used were the AF5 for self-concept and psychological well-being scale Ryff. The results given off, in the Cronbach, show that all scales have adequate internal consistency. Furthermore, data analyzes show that all dimensions of self-concept influence the psychological well being, especially important academic self-concept and family. It should be stressed, too, that there are no statistically significant variations according to the time that inmates are in prison.
This study investigates critical factors that influence job performance in the banking industry in Malaysia. The research provides and helps to understand the factors which affect the employees’ performance in a diverse workforce. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed to target respondents in executive roles. The findings indicate the 5 independent variables were significant to employee performance. In addition, implication and limitations of the study as well as directions for future research are elaborated.
This research aimed at describing an understanding of the contact between the dimensions of individual characteristics (age, gender, experience, and education) and organization performance and job satisfaction by acquiring information from the upper and middle management of ABL,NBP and MCB particularly from Islamabad and Rawalpindi.. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of individual characteristics on organization performance and job satisfaction and the moderating role of relationship quality in influencing the relationship by using statistical tools of descriptive analysis, regression and correlation. The findings suggested that a positive relationship exists between majority of the individual characteristics (except age and experience) and job satisfaction and individual characteristics have positive impact on organization performance. However, relationship quality was found to have a positive and significant impact on the relationship. This research will be beneficial for the managers concerned about improving the organizational performance and job satisfaction of their employees.
Oral health education is one of the most neglected areas in Pakistani context as there are no such courses, training and or awareness session/ program at any academic or social levels. Considering the global scenario, it is observed that oral health is a part of school curriculum which leads to improved oral health situation in society. The current paper examines the potential for promoting oral health through school program offered by a Dental Institute of a public sector university in Pakistan.The program consists of three components namely students, teachers and parents. All three have been addressed through interactive session, material activities and awareness of oral health issues. The program developers run the program in a systematic way and complete the target in three sessions. This program has resulted into a very effective program after pilot study. It is expected that it would lead to community involvement, awareness, empowerment and networking which would provide strong oral health care foundation for the children of public sector schools in Pakistan.
Quality Assurance is a growing concern of higher education institutions throughout Pakistan. It is simply because of emergence of multiple institutions offering similar courses thereby giving plenty of choices to the students. Thus the choice is now wide and depends mainly on the quality of Education at the institutions. Higher Education Commission, Pakistan has also emphasized much on quality assurance measures at higher education institutions in Pakistan. Several measures have been suggested and implemented. This paper presents the impact of introducing one of the quality measures i.e. Teachers Portfolio in one of the institutes of higher education in Karachi. A format for teacher’s portfolio was designed. Before introducing portfolio, faculty was trained. Later, a coordinator was identified from faculty for evaluating the portfolio in the institution under study. A template was developed and provided to coordinator for structured feedback on portfolio. Finally, peer evaluation technique was used for the subjective evaluation of quality of the portfolio. The impact has been studied from portfolio report and feedback from teachers and students. The remarkable results show improvement in teaching and learning. Secondly, effective reporting energized faculty members as their interaction, teaching methodology and lecture organization improved greatly. It was noted that all of them maintained their portfolio and brought necessary changes that were suggested after peer review. Finally, they reported a high level of satisfaction on Teachers portfolio as it created a healthy competition among them.
In this study, it is intended to determine the ideas of parents about the parent involvement activities conducted during project and effects of parent involvement activities and other activities on children’s development. In this study which is designed as a qualitative study 17 children from four-year age group (36-48 months), 30 children from five-year age group (48-60 months), 47 children in total and their parents are involved through non-random sampling technique. Views of parents were collected through semi-structured “Clothing Project Evaluation Form of Parents” and personal interviews. Giving priority to the parent involvement, “clothing project” was implemented on both groups. Project continued ten days among four-year age group and fourteen days among five-year age group. In their statements, parents emphasized that there is development in the self-care abilities of four-year age group children and differences emerged in most of the five-year age group children’s cognitive, language, emotional development areas. Most of the families involved in clothing project stated that they are happy with parent-involvement activities, they feel valuable and they developed awareness to participate in the following parent-involvement activities thanks to observing their children’s development closely.
The spatial resolution of Global Climate Models (GCMs) is too coarse to resolve regional scale effects and to be used directly in local impact studies. Statistical downscaling techniques offer an alternative to improve regional or local estimates of variables from GCM outputs. In this study, an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) using Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering is presented and assessed, to reconstruct the climate observed in Iran.\nBoth Automated Statistical Downscaling (ASD) and ANFIS models, as these two models are evaluated and inter-compared, are calibrated using National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data, before using CGCM3 predictors. The comparison is performed over the period of ASD and ANFIS calibration (1961–1975) and over the validation period (1976–1990), using (NCEP) predictors. The criteria for results comparison are: computing the amount of model explained variance (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for the estimated statistics and climatic indices.\nMaximum, minimum and mean temperature are generated for the periods 2011–2040, 2041–2070 and 2071–2100 and compared to the 1961–1990 period. Results of the comparison indicates the increase of temperature for each station.
