In this study, we investigate the performance of the saddlepoint approximation of the probability mass function and the cumulative distribution function for the weighted sum of independent Poisson random variables. The goal is to approximate the hazard rate function for this complicated model. The better performance of this method is shown by numerical simulations and comparison with a performance of other approximation methods.
Antioxidant results showed that fruit extract presented highest DPPH scavenging activity (94.54%) followed by that of stem (88%) and leaf (83.2 %) at highest dose. Cytotoxic effects of the samples were highly significant with LD50 values of 16.01 (leaf), 19.29 (stem) and 14.32 (fruit). Phytotoxic assay of leaf exhibited 85.81% inhibition, stem exhibited 90.54% inhibition and fruit exhibited 94.59% inhibition at highest dose with FI50 of 58.48 (leaf), 36.38 (stem) and 29.22 (fruit). Antibacterial activity indicated that all the extracts were effective against tested bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Clavibacter michiganensis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus); stem extract being most effective against all the test strains. Antifungal activity against test species (Fusarium solani, Candida glabrata, Trichophyton longifusis, Microsporum canis and Alternaria brassicicola) was detected in all the samples. Insecticidal activity showed 93% inhibition (leaf), 93% inhibition (stem) and 90% inhibition (fruit) against Trogoderma granarium, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium caseteneum at highest doses. The present study revealed the vast and varied medicinal properties of the plant and can be used for therapeutic preparations.
The current study was to screen and evaluate the endophytic fungal population residing internally in the medicinal plant Ocimum basilicum L. Different fungal species were isolated from the leaf of plant but on the basis of preliminary antibacterial testing Aspergillus terrus was used further to produce biologically active secondary metabolites. The zone of inhibition was formed against Styphylococcus aureus that showed the bioactivity of the isolated endophytic fungus. The endophytic fungus was identified on the basis of morphological and microscopic characterization. SDA and CYA culture media were best for the growth of A. terrus L. and CYB is the best medium for the fungal metabolite production. It showed the growth of fungal specie actively and produce enough quantity of organic extract. Fungal strain was cultured in both conditions i.e, shaking and static to compare them for the production of novel bioactive compounds. It has been observed that the fungal culture grown in shaking incubator at 150 rpm have produce more novel biologically active metabolites as compared to fungal strains grown in static conditions. Thick fungal growth makes it anaerobic that inhibits the production of bioactive compounds. However it also depends on the properties of fungal cultures to be grown in static or shaking conditions. Secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus were extracted with ethyl acetate and the compound was purified by chromatography, TLC, HPLC and using GCMS, metabolites in the methanolic extract of A. terrus were determined. Multiple peaks were detected from endophytic A. terrus that showed principal chemical compounds. The pure compound chromatogram showed one prominent peak having retention time 17.85 and area is 53497644.52. Results revealed that the pure compound is 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C16H22O4 and molecular weight 278. The biologically active compounds obtained from endophytic fungi could be a new pharmacological constituent.\n\nKey words: Isolation, endophytic, Aspergillus terrus L., medicinal plant, Ocimum basilicum L.
6 spring bread wheat varieties (AAS-11, BARS-09, Dharabi-11, Faisalabad-08, Chakwal-50 and Fatehjang-2016) and 4 elite lines of wheat (10FJ01, 12FJ26, 12FJ01 and 11FJS309) were analyzed with respect of water stress by providing them two types of treatments i.e., control (no stress) and strained treatment (20 days of stoppage of irrigation at booting and further 20 days of drought after anthesis) at Barani Agricultural Research Station, Fatehjang during 2017-18. Results of this study exhibited a highly significant variations prevailed in all the wheat genotypes by viewing their mean performance with respect of all physiological and yield traits. AAS-11, Fatehjang-2016 and Dharabi-11 exhibited their best performance and pointed out elevated mean productivity (MP), stress tolerance index (STI), relative water content (RWC) and geometric mean productivity (GMP). Moreover Stress susceptibility index (SSI) and tolerance (TOL) was anticipated at lowest among the above mentioned wheat varieties and lines. Based multivariate analysis (biplot) and dendrogram studies; AAS-11, Fatehjang-2016 and Dharabi-11 are most suitable wheat cultivars for drought tolerance at booting and anthesis stage. These traits are renowned to be favorable gauges for identification of drought tolerance wheat ideotype. Likewise, same wheat varieties also exhibited higher grain yield per plant that put them in higher ranked genotypes for making selections and recombinations while improving wheat through breeding for drought resistant.
Infection of surgical site is known as the most serious complication after operation. In order to prevent this type of infection use of antibacterial sutures becomes a necessity. The main purpose of this paper is the implementation of new process for producing polypropylene surgical suture with antibacterial effect and the investigation of their mechanical and antibacterial characteristics. Developed sutures (PPCMP/Ag nanocomposite) were obtained by grafting silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) combined to carboxymethylpullulan (CMP) bioactive molecules on the surface of polypropylene surgical suture by a simple dipping procedure. Surface of developed surgical sutures was examined by microscopies with atomic force (AFM) and electron scanning (SEM). Qualitative analysis of the potential reaction between chemical compound and polypropylene fiber was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Quantitative analysis of silver content on the surface of surgical sutures was examined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Mechanical performances of grafted sutures were investigated before and after incubation into phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS). Finally, antibacterial effects of developed sutures against Staphylococcus aureus before and after incubation into PBS were verified. Obtained results proved the role of CMP bioactive molecules in the stability of mechanical performances of PPCMP/Ag nanocomposites in biological fluid and the enhancement of antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles.
This manuscript aims to compare the treatment of congenital syphilis (CS) with penicillin with the treatment done with ceftriaxone in newborns in the city of Campo Grande, Brazil. Only children born from 2014 to 2017 and the treatment performed were considered for evaluation. The children were divided into 2 groups; the group treated with penicillin and the other one with ceftriaxone. The results revealed that there is a weakness in the Brazilian public health system in relation to compliance with the current protocol on the segment of children after treatment, mainly the existence of the difficulty of reducing and/or eradicating the disease. This study highlights the importance of using protocols, guidelines and periodic training for professionals involved in serving the SUS care network.
Amino acid analysis of raw, germinated and steeped maize from same source was carried out. Samples were designated B11 (raw), B22 (germinated) and B33 (steeped). Results were in g/100g. Protein was: B11 (10.9), B22 (13.0), B33 (13.2) with corresponding amino acid (AA) of 77.2, 77.5 and 85.8. Lys was low at B11 (5.09) > B22 (4.82) > B33 (4.65). TEAA values were B11 (36.6, 47.4%), B22 (36.8, 47.4%) and B33 (39.2, 45.6%). EAAI were high at 95.9 – 97.4 with corresponding BV of 92.8 – 94.4. P-PER was moderate at 1.51 – 1.68. Whereas the coefficient of alienation (CA) was low (0.1680 – 0.2353), the index of forecasting efficiency (IFE) was high at 0.7647 – 0.8320 making prediction of relationship easy. In the amino acids characteristics: B11/B22, we have B11 (3/9, 33.3%) < B22 (6/9, 66.7%); in B11/B33, we have B11 (2/9, 22.2%) < B33 (7/9, 77.8%); B22/B33, result was B22 (5/9, 55.6%) > B33 (4/9, 44.4%). B11 < B33 < B22 whereas B22 was just better concentrated than B33 in one EAA (20.1%). Hence recommended usage would be B11 < B33 < B22. However, since IFE > CA in all samples, each sample could carry out biochemical functions at the same level.