A novel liquid plant growth regulator dubbed ethrel (ET) employed primarily for artificial fruit ripening has been deemed a systemic health concern with documented reports of severe hepatotoxicity. The present study evaluated the viability of the use of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) as valid test model for human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) through computational phylogenetics followed by investigation of the ET toxicity using male Wistar rats. The adverse effects were studied using a population of 36 male rats (n=9) who were orally treated either with 100, 250, 500 mg/kg of ET or Distilled Water (DW: Control) for 90 days. The reversible effects and delayed toxicity from ET exposure was studied using two separate sets of animals (n=6) who were gavaged with 500 mg/kg of ET and DW for 90 days (main group) and kept for another 28 days without treatment (recovery group). On days 91 and 119 erythrocyte cholinesterase (EChE), which is homologous to AChE and liver toxicity (ALT and AST levels) were determined. Treatment with ET induced a significant inhibition of EChE at both 250, 500 mg/kg groups and also in the recovery group. exploratory behavior parameters, muscle strength and coordination, However, ET had Similar results were observed with ALT, AST levels both main and recovery groups. These effects were also evident by liver histopathology. It can be concluded that continuous exposure to ethrel could induce liver toxicity and alteration in AChE activity even after withdrawal from exposure.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of populations may be described by the reaction-diffusion Fisher-Kolmogorov model. In this work we have proposed a new formulation for a control problem of aquatic plants in a temporal dynamics. The solution of this problem is extended to a spatiotemporal Fisher-Kolmogorov system with multiple species of plants interacting in the same place. The control consists on human intervention as a strategy for management of the aquatic plants. In our applications, one plant and two plants cases have been considered. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies.
The ability of formation of the silver nanoparticles by Candida guilliermondii BDU-127 and Candida macedoniensis BDU-MI44 was comparatively studied. It was found that the formation of silver nanoparticles was observed in Candida guilliermondii BDU-127 after 22 hours of incubation and in Candida macedoniensis BDU-MI44 after 16 hours of incubation. The silver nanoparticles formed by Candida guilliermondii BDU-127 in the UV spectrum showed absorption at 405 nm, while silver nanoparticles formed by Candida macedoniensis BDU-MI44 exhibited absorption at 410 nm. The silver nanoparticles formed by both strains had a spherical shape. The size of silver nanoparticles formed by Candida guilliermondii BDU-127 was 34.2-37.5 nm, while the size of silver nanoparticles formed by Candida macedoniensis BDU-MI44 was 14-22 nm. X-ray spectral analysis showed that the nanoparticles formed by both strains belonged to silver (AgLa1).