Many experiments have demonstrated the adverse effects of salinity on potato growth and tuber output. We evaluated the differential responses among four potato cultivars subjected to salinity stress using NaCl in vitro. Shoot cultures of the tested cultivars were grown in Murashige-Skoog media amended with 30 mM NaCl, with or without CaCl2. For the former, this was achieved by adding CaCl2 up to 4 mM. The Dark Red Norland cultivar was the most sensitive to NaCl while the Superior cultivar recorded the best plantlet height, number of roots, and fresh weight in 30mM NaCl + 3mM CaCl2 solution compared with normal conditions (0 NaCl + 3 mM CaCl2). The stress susceptibility index indicated that the Russet Burbank and Superior cultivars were the most tolerant to salinity. Additionally, the presence of CaCl2 reduced the harm due to NaCl stress. CaCl2 showed a clear effect in alleviating the effect of saline stress, but its effect differed between the tested cultivars. The correlation coefficient between the studied traits and susceptibility index to salt stress indicated that plantlet height and survival % could reliably indicate the salinity stress tolerance of the tested genotype before the start of an expanded breeding program.
The objective of this work was to conduct a brief review of updated literature, addressing the use of intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB), in a transcutaneous way. ILIB is a technique that uses low intensity laser light, applied over a blood vessel, with the aid of a directing bracelet for the light beam, in order to reach the circulating blood cells. It consists of a therapeutic modality capable of providing photobiomodulation, with modulation of inflammation, vasodilation, stimulation of cellular metabolism and the immune system, stabilization of hormonal levels and improvement of microcirculation systemically. Its effectiveness is due to its ability to activate the antioxidant system, with activation of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD), in addition to stimulating prostacyclin as well. However, further clinical studies with consolidated protocols and results are still needed for this technique to be applied based on scientific evidence.
ABSTRACT \nPurpose: The aim of this questionnaire survey was to investigate the adoption of nickel-titanium endodontic techniques by Bulgarian dental practitioners and to further evaluate the role of the university programs and the reasons for restricting the use of rotary instruments. Methods: The sample consisted of 600 dental practitioners chosen on a random basis from all administrative districts in Bulgaria. The data in the study was collected on the basis of a specially designed online questionnaire comprising 15 closed-format questions divided in two separate parts. Only dentists practicing endodontics filled in the second part. Results: Two hundred and six (34.33%) dentists responded and filled in the questionnaire. Endodontic treatment was performed by 98.5% of participants and 84.2% of them used NiTi rotary systems. Non-university lectures (62.9%) and training courses (71.8%) were the basic source for theoretical knowledge and practical experience. Low importance of university programs was registered - 8.4% (lectures), 8.3% (practical exercises). Conclusions: Endodontic treatment is performed by majority of Bulgarian dentists. Metropolitan younger dentists proved themselves more confident in application of the contemporary endodontic shaping systems. Further improvement of undergraduate and postgraduate curriculum is necessary to provide sufficient knowledge and practical skills on usage of rotary NiTi systems.\n \n Key words: dental practitioners, questionnaire, nickel-titanium rotary files, rotary endodontic techniques
Field surveys were made to the research area and a total of 150 plant species belonging to 132 genera, distributed in 70 families were reported from the area. These plant species were helpful in livelihood improvements and healthcare of the inhabitants of the area. Data regarding plant usage was collected by frequent field visits during summer 2018 and 2019 through interviews questionnaire method, focus group conversation and through village walks with expert informants. The collected data revealed that out of total plant species 87 (58%) were used as medicinal, 85 (56.66%) as fodder, 54 (36%) as fuel, 20 (13.33%) as timber, 13 (8.66%) as hedges, 20 (13.33%) as shelter, 24 (16%) as ornamental, 17 (11.33%) as edible fruits and seeds, 18 (12%) as vegetables while 12 (8%) plant species were poisonous. The dominant families were Rosaceae and Lamiaceae with 10 (6.66%) species each followed by Fabaceae and Asteraceae with 8 (5.33%) and 7 (4.66%) species respectively. The study also showed that due to overexploitation of plant natural resources the flora of the area is under great pressure which in future can cause loss of many important species growing in the research area.\n\nKey words: Traditional healthcare, livelihood, Galiyat valleys, indigenous communities, northern Pakistan.
The study is carried out on soil samples taken from the Technical Institute of Field Crops (ITGC) of Guelma, in order to know the effect of applying different doses of the herbicide bromoxynil phenol (80g / l, 60g / l and 40g / l) on some physico-chemical parameters of the soil cultivated by durum wheat Triticum durum Desf. The results obtained show that the soil properties in the two main stages of wheat development (tillering and heading). In the tillering stage, the soil has a clayey or sandy-clay texture, is neutral, has a very low salinity, low porosity and inconsiderable amount of phosphorus. But at the heading stage in which we used the same analyzes for the same parameters, we obtained a soil acidity with an increase in the conductivity and porosity and a remarkable decrease in the amount of phosphorus. \nIn a general way, the results of analyzes of the studied characteristics indicate that there is a negative effect of bromoxynil phenol on the physicochemical properties of the soil and its excessive use can decrease the fertility (cause sterility) of the soil.\n\nKey words: Soil, bromoxynil phenol, tillering, heading, Triticum durum Desf.
Social Media (SM) play an important role in the dissemination of information about COVID-19, with reports of experiences and dissemination of opinions. However, SM is also object of concern as they can be vehicles that disseminate fake news. Among the most susceptible groups to fake news are the older adult population due to the immense amount of information available, the difficulty in managing SM and hypothetically they are more likely to be rigid with their conceptions and customs. Thus, fakenews cause impact in mental health of the older adult population. It increase anxiety, stress, depression, insonmia and anger.There is also a need for deep reflection by Civil Society, mental health professionals, large networks of SM and local governments to combat the epidemic of disinformation that has been structured within the pandemic of COVID-19 with special attention to older population.