This paper presents electric vehicle development and achievement design. The pure electric bus namely “PEA Zero-emission bus” is developed by Suranaree University of Technology together with local bus body builder in Thailand. The numerous fundamental hardware components are introduced and designed base on the physics of motion, energy and power. The traction motor and battery sizing design are introduced to achieve requirement by using presented equation. The 2×120 kW rated power of traction motor and the 196 kWh 320Ah of power battery capacity are installed for 190 km driving per charge. It is also presented alongside its road test results. The power consumption is studied by variety of number of passenger and driving speed with three scenarios. It shows that the electric bus has 0.835 kWh/km and the driving speed is the most factor of power consumption per this road test result. Moreover, the power consumption expense of electric bus and engine bus are studied and compared. The cost expense are interpreted by the power consumption rate data and shows electric bus can save double cost expense lower than engine bus. In particular of testing result confirmed the possibility to replace the conventional bus operation by electric bus in Thailand.
Purpose:Earthworms are key regulators and the utmostdynamicsoil-dwellingcreaturesof soil biota in terms of biomass and are crucial for maintaining soil fertility and soil health.This research focused on theacquisition of first-hand material regarding seasonal and ecological distribution of epigeal type of earthworms and statistically correlating soil fertility and earthworm faunaabundance in themango orchards of Multan and Bahawalpur districts of Pakistan. \nMethodology:A total of 20 sampling sites were selectedand samples of soil (0-15 cm depth) including earthworms in 1m2area weredug out with the help of spade and scraper very carefully to avoid any damage to earthwormsfrom different ecological zones in mango orchards,i.e., grasses, mango leaf litter, citrus nursery, shallow fields with less vegetative cover and from intercropping of oat and wheat soils.Three-factor, a factorial ANOVA was applied to the collected data by taking vegetation types, seasons and locations as variables. The mean values were compared with least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% level of significance.\nResult:Data revealed the presence of two earthworm species, viz.,Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus terrestris. The population densityof Lumbricus terrestriswas 459 m-2andthat of Eisenia fetidawas 419 m-2. The population of both species varied significantly with the changes in ecology and season. Eisenia fetida was dominant and widely distributed in the ecology of mango leaf litter, while itsabundance was lower in shallow fields. Their abundance was increased during the rainy season (July to September).The overall average population density of Lumbricus terrestris was highest (111.92 m-2) during the whole year at both locations Bahawalpur as well as in Multan than Eisenia fetida(105.42 m-2). \nConclusion: The abundance of Eisenia fetidaand its activity, behavior and population in different habitats of District Multan and Bahawalpur during July-August entirely depended on an amalgamation of recorded factors, i.e., soil type, temperature and moisture. Research advancement in this realm is imperative to ascertain and develop the technology to exploit these earthworm species in the improvement of soil to accentuate agricultural production through vermicomposting technology.
Corchorus olitorius L. (COL) has abundant polyphenolics, which confer significant antioxidant activity. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. To elucidate the bioactivities of COL, this study evaluated the effects of COL on TiO2-induced nephrotoxicity. The effect of COL on Kidney (MDCK) cells that had been damaged by TiO2 was evaluated using an MTT assay. MDCK cells were pretreated with rising concentrations of TiO2 (10-60 g/mL) to determine an appropriate concentration for subsequent treatment with COL. In this study, 40 g/mL of TiO2 was chosen as morphological changes were found in cells treated with TiO2 after 30 min. After treating with TiO2, EAS was subsequently added to the wells and the cells were reincubated for 24 h. We found that 0.1 and 0.2 mg/mL COL attenuated the effect of TiO2-induced cellular damage in MDCK cells. Taken together, our results revealed that COL protects MDCK cells against TiO2-induced cell damage by preventing ROS-dependent cell death.
Brussels sprouts production in Sonora desert, Mexico, is a crop that becomes attractive to farmers. It has a significant response to nitrogen fertilization. However, large quantities cause bases of vain stems and even the presence of flowers, in addition fertilizers aggravates the problem of saline intrusion. With the finality to give an alternative solution to the above mentioned, is the application of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). With the goal to enlarge the knowledge of the use of biofertilizers as an alternative agro-ecological on the establishment of Brussels sprouts, this research consisted in evaluate the effect of Azospirillum halopraeferens and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, complementing the soil fertilization in yield Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera “Gustus”, under three saline conditions (0, 0.6 and 0.12 M NaCl) under field conditions. The results showed that var. Gustus with the co-inoculation with both bacteria at salinity showed significant values in the variable yield production in comparison with control treatments. It is suggested that subsequent studies include related factors such as the evaluation of other varieties, sowing of dates and the limiting conditions of water resources, in addition to evaluating the effect of salinity with the use of seawater and the inoculation of plant growth promoting bacteria.
The number of infectious propagules of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in phosphate sludge was estimated using the most probable number (MPN) method, and compared with the results obtained by wet sieving techniques and the technique of staining roots. \nIn the sludge soils of phosphates D, C, E, Bassin F and the rhizosphere soils of olive trees, a relation was noted between the number of infectious propagules estimated by the MPN technique, varies between 83.17 and 199.52 propagules / 100 g of soil, and the number of extracted spores (varies between 40 and 10 spores / 100 g of soil), as well as the rate of mycorrhization (varies between 74 and 100%) sorghum plants growing on these muds. Soils of A, B, phosphate rock and Tamarix rhizospheric soil contain a lower number of propagules (varies between 31.62 and 8.91 propagules / 100 g of soil) compared to root mycorrhizal rates ( varies between 90 and 60%) and the number of noted spores (oscillates between 34 and 1 spore / 100g of soil).
An auto gain control (AGC) is an essential module for real-time camera systems, such as digital still camera, video hand recorder, etc. This paper presents an efficient technique for auto gain control with digital signal processing. We first develop an efficient algorithm to estimate the gain of the sampling image. The adaptive AGC method adopts a linear piecewise approach for low-cost and high-speed implementations. To meet real-time applications, we also present a cost-effective architecture for realizing the module of auto gain control, and the circuit can process the gain of each pixel per cycle. Compared to the conventional AGC method, the complexity of full camera system can be efficiently reduced.
