The Information Age has made it integral for Information technology to be used in all aspects of our daily life. Organizations has benefited greatly from the use of information technology to achieve competitive advantage. Office automation which involves the use of information technology applications and tools to perform daily tasks at organizations has made it clear that it influences worker�s productivity. But to what degree the use of office automation improves the productivity of people in office operations depends on how and why it is used instead of focusing on the technology. A case study implemented at King Abdulaziz University library, shows the impact of the use of office automation on the productivity of people working at all organizational levels at the university library. This case study focuses on the effects of office automation on the productivity of office workers at all organizational levels at King Abdulaziz university library. The results showed that office automation had a significant impact on workers� productivity.
Aim: The aim of this study was to create a multiscale model of the Achilles tendon from molecular to macro scale.\nMaterials and Methods: Using molecular dynamics we have built a collagen molecule model in the molecular scale. Scaling up we created a coarse-grained model of a collagen nanofibril, which was used for the calibration of a Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic tendon material model.\nResults: We obtained Young moduli values of a collagen molecule for small (8.44 GPa) and large strains (63.29 GPa), as well as for the collagen nanofibrils (7.64 GPa). All obtained moduli were in good agreement with existing experimental data. The calibrated material model used in finite element analysis predicted accurately the sites of tendon failure. \nConclusion: This study derives information directly from the molecular scale, and can be used for predicting tendon mechanical properties both in physiological and pathological conditions.
A simple and sensitive HPTLC method was developed for quantitative analysis of biomarker β-amyrin in the leaves of five different species of genus Ficus (Ficus carica, Ficus nitida, Ficus ingens, Ficus palmata and Ficus vasta) grown in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The chromatography was performed on glass-backed silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates with solvents toluene: methanol (9:1, v/v) as mobile phase. The developed plate was dried, derivatized with p-anisaldehyde reagent and then scanned and quantified at 550 nm. The system was found to give compact spot for β-amyrin at Rf = 0.58±0.01. The regression equation and r2 for β-amyrin was found to be Y=8.456X+29.368 and 0.998, respectively. β-amyrin was found to be present in three species i.e. F. carica (0.29%, w/w), F. nitida (0.54% w/w) and F. palmata (0.31%, w/w) while it was absent in F. vasta and F. ingens. The statistical analysis proved that the developed method is reproducible. This method can be employed for the further study of degradation kinetics of β-amyrin, determination of β-amyrin in plasma and other biological fluids and also its determination in the in- process as well as finished products available in the market.
On the basis of the nonlinear model of moisture movement in the soil the method is developed to calculate the coefficient of capillary diffusion of moisture. Method of priori estimates has proved limitation of the approximate value of the diffusion coefficient and monotony of the functional. Results of numerical calculations are given.
Since its emergence, Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) has significantly contributed to its surrounding communities. The products of BMT target the lower middle class society, which brings BMT close to all levels in society, including women. The urgency of women economic empowerment program is increasing because of the low quality of life of women, which subsequently affects the next generation in relation to religion, nation, and future well-being. The aim of this study is to analyze the contribution of BMT to women economic empowerment. This study adopted a qualitative method by interviewing 50 respondents who were provided with financial assistance by two BMT in South Tangerang, Indonesia. The results of this study showed that BMT contributes to the economic empowerment of women and increases their income, ability to meet their daily needs, financial freedom, and independence. \n\nKeywords: women empowerment, microfinance (BMT), economy
Induction furnace being a nonlinear load is responsible for deteriorating power quality levels in a distribution network. The presence of these loads also deteriorates the performance of other equipment present in the distribution network. Multilevel inverters are mainly used in high power applications. These inverters operate at low frequency and are highly efficient. In this paper, the comparison of performance of three-phase, 5-level, 9-level, 13-level and 17-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters (CHBMLI) with induction furnace load is investigated. The simulation results based on MATLAB/Simulink are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of these multilevel inverters feeding induction furnace load which clearly illustrates the improvement in power quality with the increase in the number of levels of CHBMLI.
Mobile adhoc network is signified as a boon for advance and future wireless communication system. Owing to its self-establishing network features and decentralization, the system can actually establish a wireless communication with vast range of connectivity with the other nodes. However, the system of MANET is also beheld with various technical impediments owing to its inherent dynamic topologies. Although there are abundant volume of research work, but very few have effectively addressed the node misbehavior problems in MANET. The paper initially tries to draw a line between different types of nodes in MANETs based on their behavior characteristics, then reviews some of the significant contribution of the prior researches for addressing node misbehavior issues. A major emphasis is laid on is the researches which use game theory as a tool to study and address the misbehavior problems. The manuscript is developed considering some of the latest and standard evidences of past 5 years and finally discusses the open issues related to the problems.
In rolling process, the metals and alloys are subjected to complex stresses, strain, strain-rate, stress flow, pressure and reaction forces which make it very complex to analyse. In the present study, FE simulation of hot rolling process has been carried out using ABAQUS/Explicit software. Thus generated simulation result data have been used to carry out sub parametric modelling. Using the proposed model, new hot rolling cases have been analysed without using FE software. Proposed model has been found to produce quite satisfactory result.
A new improved numerical method of solving integro-differential equations which appears in the interpretation of atomic spectroscopy and its application to current problems in astrophysics, laser physics, and thermonuclear plasma has been devised. It consists in expanding the exchange kernel into a number of separable terms by means of the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and then iterating over the remainder exchange terms. In this paper, we apply our SVD method to the scattering of low energy electron-helium which has been the subject of interest, both theoretically and experimentally. We compare our results with the existing reliable methods which rely on expanding the solution into an especially favorable basis.
Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine students’ perception and attitude toward lectures delivered both live and via podcasts as methods of learning at the Faculty of Medicine of King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It used a self –administered questionnaire that was distributed to all clinical years’ students in 2012. Results: A minority (2%) of the participating students listened to the podcast lecture more than six times. Although the students’ preference for the live lecture was higher than the podcasted one (about 46% versus 20%), the latter was ranked significantly higher in relation to notes taking and repetitive hearing. About 85%, 65%, and 50% of the participating students denoted unattractive lecturer, boring lecture, and traffic delay, respectively, as the comment causes of absenteeism from live lectures. A high but insignificant percent of the students believed that the podcast lecture was overall more beneficial than the live lecture.\nConclusion: By taking these results into consideration, we can postulate that the introduction of podcast lectures into the medical curriculum on a wider scale can improve students’ learning, help them manage their time effectively, and allow more time for interactive clinical sessions.
This paper proposes a method for constructing permutations on m position arrangements. The object is to encrypt colour images using Advanced Encryption Standard ─ AES─ a symmetric system, with variable permutation, although mono-colour figures may be encrypted. AES with variable permutation means a different one, for each 128 bit block in the first round after the x-or operation is applied. Furthermore, this research offers the possibility of knowing the original image, when the encrypted figure suffered a failure from either an attack or not. This is achieved by permuting the original image pixel positions before being encrypted with AES variable permutation, which means building a pseudo-random permutation of half a million positions array or more. To this end an algorithm which defines a Bijective function between the set N_m= {n ε N │ 0 ≤n ≤m!-1} with m ≥ 2 and the set Π_m= {π} is built such that the π simbol is a permutation constructed on the 0,1,⋯,m-1 array. From this algorithm the way to build permutations on the 0,1,⋯,m-1 array, knowing m-1 constants is presented. The transcendental numbers are used to select these m-1 constants in a pseudo – random way. The quality of the proposed encryption according to the following criteria is evaluated: The Correlation coefficient; the Entropy and the Discrete Fourier Transform. A goodness-of-fit test for each basic images colour is proposed to measure the bits randomness degree of the encrypted figure. On the other hand, the encryption of images is carried out without information loss, i.e., no JPEG file formats are used.
Effective techniques for a successful staking of Thymbra capitata -a promising forest and industrial plant- are established. The effect of phytohormone application was tested on different plant material: apical stems, basal fragments, pots and plants grown in soil. Concentrations of 250, 1500 and 3000 ppm of naftil-acetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were used. After an experimental period of 3 months, rooting percentage was measured, as well as maximum root length, dry weight of roots and dry weight of aereal parts. We demonstrate that, in this species case, rather than to apply phytohormones for staking it, practioners should focus on the selection of the material to be used. We recommend them to utilize exclusively apical fragments of the stem of plants grown in soil.
Recently, petroleum based polyurethanes are contributing main portions in the world requirement, the utilization of renewable resources for polyurethane manufacture with comparable physico-chemical properties is in a huge demand, to overcome the environmental issues and price adaptability. Renewable resources containing hydroxyl groups (-OH) and unsaturated double bonds (C=C) like castor oil (CO), can be used as alternative polyol with near to similar properties. In this study, polyurethanes based on castor oil and organoclay (COPUs-Cloisite 30B) nanocomposites are synthesized by mixing polypropylene glycol polyol (PPG) and dehydrated castor oil (15%); enforced with organoclay in different weight %. The physico-chemical behaviours were evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Fourier Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal stability was found improved up to ~ 30 oC in the sample with 5 wt % of C30B. Tensile properties depicted an improvement of ~ 240% in tensile strength and decrease of ~30% in elongation with 5wt% organoclay, respectively. Barrier properties were (nitrogen permeability machine) found very impressive with an increase of 50% with 5 wt% sample. Improved physico-chemical properties of COPUs-C30B signify the usage of COPUs-C30B in the industrial and commercial applications i.e. coatings, adhesives and automotive applications.
Being a developing country which hopes to join the developed nations by 2020, environmental sustainability has been at centre stage in Malaysia. While efforts are being made to promote economic development, these economic activities seem to be having its side effects on the protection of the environment. Nevertheless, there are also mechanisms being put in place to achieve sustainable pollution free environment. These have been in terms of conclusion of treaties and enactment of legal, regulatory and policy framework towards ensuring environmental sustainability. Based on this premise, this paper is intended to evaluate the efforts so far taken and the challenges which serve as stumbling block to proper realization of environmental protection objective. The paper finds that a lot of legal, policy and regulatory frameworks have been created to ensure environmental protection. Yet, the challenges to proper implementation of these frameworks are enormous though surmountable. A number of treaties, conventions, enactments, regulations and judicial pronouncements are used to enrich this study.
In this paper, the steady mixed convection boundary layer flow on a solid sphere with convective boundary conditions, in which the heat is supplied through a bounding surface of finite thickness and finite heat capacity, is considered. The basic equations of boundary layer are transformed into a non-dimensional form and reduced to nonlinear systems of partial differential equations are solved numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme known as the Keller-box method. Numerical solutions are obtained for the local heat transfer coefficient, the local skin friction coefficient, as well as the velocity and temperature profiles. The features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics for different values of the mixed convection parameter, the Prandtl number Pr, the conjugate parameter and the coordinate running along the surface of the sphere, x are analyzed and discussed.
It is a difficult task for any human and non-human species to survive in a degraded environment. Yet, man’s activities have continued to cause damage to the environment. This is despites series of efforts at international level which aimed at protecting the environment. These efforts have been in the forms of treaties and conventions amongst nations. Based on this premise, this paper is intended to assess the role or efforts of international community in protecting and sustaining the environment. This allows as analysis as to whether enough has been done to protect the environment. It further analyses how courts have come up with rules of interpretation especially in Western countries to protect the environment. The paper finds that although efforts of international community to protect the environment are commendable, more still needs to be done in terms of enforcement of the legal instruments. International treaties, conventions and national judicial decisions are used to enrich the study.
In this paper, the theory of modulation response in a semiconductor quantum dot lasers is\nstudied. Our model consists of a set of six-level rate equations model (6LREM) for free carriers\nin OCL, carriers confined in QD, and photon to simulate the effect of the carrier delay on the\nmodulation bandwidth of a QD laser. Applying a small-signal analysis of the rate equations\nallows extracting a new expression for the QD laser modulation response. On the other hand,\nthere are main differences between carrier delay in OCL and other states. Our results refer to the\nstrong effect of the relaxation time between the energy levels on the intensity of modulation (IM)\nof QD lasers. The simulation results show that the mentioned differences are related to the\nfundamental impression of the carrier delay in each state.
Reproduction is the single greatest factor limiting beef cattle production. The study was conducted to determine the influence of season on postpartum serum concentration of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), oestradiol 17 β and progesterone was studied using 130 cyclic montberliard. Four groups of cows were studied: autumn (n = 41), winter (n = 24), spring (n = 33) and summer (n = 32) cows. Hormonal concentration was determined by a radio immune assay (RIA). Hormonal concentration was measured in serum samples taken 30, 40 and 50 days post partum, in 130 animals, over two years. Onset of luteal activity was defined as the progesterone concentration exceeded 1 ng/ml. The analysis of mean circulating hormone concentrations of FSH, progesterone and estradiol 17β were increased by stage postpartum (P< 0,000) revealed resumption of follicular wave dynamics and corpora lutea activity in postpartum period. Furthermore, our recent investigations on endocrine changes associated with cyclicity commencement in montbeliard breed were affected (P< 0,000) by calving season. In conclusion, our data strongly support the concept that season of calving influenced reproductive hormonal profile and the percentage of cows that resumed ovarian cyclicity postpartum at different postpartum intervals under semi-arid area of Algeria. \nKeywords: postpartum; luteal activity; FSH; chimiluminescent, progesterone profile; montbeliard; season; semi-arid
Abstract\nThe biggest problem which will be discussed in world affairs in the first decade of the 21st Century is the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) fast paced economic growth which has become a key driver of international economic growth. Today the whole word is keeping an eye on China. China’s stunning high economic growth and a more active diplomatic relations has attracted not only Asia, Africa, the Pacific region, Latin America and the whole Eurasia. According to some analysts of leading countries American age is coming to its end. According to Albert Keitel (Carnegie foundation) China’s GDP nominal will be the same as the USA by 2020. In 2050 the nominal GDP will become more than twice the size of America. Within 10-15 years America’s great economic power certainly will slow down. Here inevitably raises important questions about what developing process will be on an international system? Will China abolish or change the present international system or try to build a new system or be one of the members of the system or become a leading power in the world? Can the US keep its present position? What will happen if the US and China compete in the same level? What will happen with the new world future under Chinese running if the US can’t keep present position? The answers to these questions are of enormous importance and we will try to find the answers analyzing the US-China relations at present times.
The elimination of the speed encoder in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) is highly encouraged to increase the mechanical robustness of the system and to make the drive become cheaper. This paper proposed a simple estimator for speed and rotor position PMSM drives using adaptive controller. The novelties of the proposed estimation algorithm are the estimator equations and the absence of the voltage probe which only depend on direct and quadrature reference current only. The simplified mathematical model of the PMSM is developed in this paper by using V-I model based on adaptive control. Then, the speed estimation errors of the voltage and current model based adaptive speed are analysed. Consequently an adaptation mechanism model is developed to cancel the error of the measured and estimated d-q currents. Considering the effect due to the position feedback, the establish speed is presented. The hardware implementation of proposed sensorless drives is realized using dSPACE DS1103 board. dSPACE Real Time Implementation (RTI) is the link between software and hardware development. It automatically implements the MATLAB Simulink model on the dSPACE expansion box. The experimental results prove that the speed and position estimator is capable to control the PMSM drives for variations of speed command and robust to load disturbance. \nKeywords: Sensorless, Dual PMSMs, Five-Leg Inverter, SVPWM
This paper explores the relationship between dimensions of perceived value by the physician and his level of satisfaction in the pharmaceutical industry in Yemen. The two dimensions of customer perceived value, namely, perceived quality (PQ) and perceived sacrifices (PS) are considered critical antecedents to physician satisfaction. Marketing researchers generally study two dimensions of perceived value, especially in the service sector: PQ and perceived sacrifice. However, the literature lacks studies on the two dimensions together, customer perceived value (CPV) (Mei-Lien and Green, 2011), and influence on customer satisfaction (CS). In this quantitative research, a survey of 170 specialist physicians in Yemen was analyzed using the software SPSS version 19 adopting statistical techniques. The research results indicated the three hypothesized significant positive relationships between perceived value dimensions and physician satisfaction. However, PQ explained more of the variance in physician satisfaction than the perceived sacrifice. The empirical study and the results provided an evidence for managers that the critical influence of the dimension perceived values by the physician on his level of satisfaction in the pharmaceutical industry is important.\nKey words: - pharmaceutical industry, Perceived Value, physician satisfaction, Yemen.
Rough set theory is a powerful mathematical tool for dealing with inexact, uncertain or vague information. The core concept of rough set theory are information systems and approximation operators of approximation spaces.In\nthis paper, we define and investigate three types of lower and upper multiset approximations of any multiset. These types based on the sub multiset base of multiset topology induced by multiset relations. Moreover, an illustrative example is given to illustrate the relationships between different types of generalized definitions of rough multiset approximations.
Abstract\nOrganic waste decomposition in landfills of solid wastes leads to production of landfill (LFG) and methane gases. Land filling of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a big challenge for urban authorities in developing countries. The aim of this study was estimating the LFG and methane from uncontrolled landfill in one of urban area (Shahrekord city) in Iran as a developing country. In this study, the USEPA model (Standard Model), the most common model, and the Default Methodology, based on mass balance, were applied to LFG and methane gas emission estimation, respectively. Using USEPA model and according to the parameters in the Default Methodology, the annually average amount of LFG and methane gas in the Shahrekord’s landfill were about 8.08×106 m3 and 2.19Gg (3.32×106m3), respectively. This amount of methane equal to 12×107 MJ/year (or 3.3×107 kWh/year) energy. With respect to the results, USEPA and Default models can be applied successfully to estimate of LFG and methane from uncontrolled landfills. Therefore, due to high energy content of methane; collection of this gas from either uncontrolled or controlled MSW landfills and consequently convert it to usable energy is feasible in developing countries and may contribute to decrease global warming effects. \nKeywords: Methane, Landfill gas, Default method, Triangular method.
The 680 µm thick wafer is back-etched, leaving the thin film 3C-SiC as the flexible diaphragm to detect pressure. The etching processes are performed with three different KOH concentrations (35%, 45% and 55%), without and with 10% IPA surfactant and the etching temperatures of 50 °C and 80 °C. Graphs are plotted on the effect of the etch rate and etch depth against these three parameters. In addition, the surface roughnesses of the diaphragms at these conditions are measured, photographed and analyzed. The results show that the back-etching of a 3C-SiC-on-Si wafer is fastest at higher temperature and KOH concentration and without IPA surfactant, but at the price of higher surface roughness. The addition of 10% IPA reduces the surface roughness significantly. We also notice the increasing presence of micro-pipes at higher KOH concentration and etching temperature.
It is worthy to mention that music has a strong impact on human body and mind. The probable reason is that music has a direct connection with human feeling and mood. Since the autonomic nervous system comprising of sympathetic and para-sympathetic nerves, is partly responsible for controlling the human feeling and mood, so the natural query is to see, whether the music affects the autonomic nervous system of our heart. In the present article, the effect of music in the autonomous nervous system is studied through HRV data analysis. In fact, we perform the analysis in the frequency domain by constructing 3D frequency-delay plot of the HRV data of subjects when they listen to and when they do not listen to music separately. The basic motivation behind the construction of frequency-delay plot is that it can find the long term chaotic dynamics of the music signal in the frequency domain. The result shows a strong indication of positive effect of music in the autonomic nervous system. Since we believe that Rabindra Sangeet (songs of universal poet Rabindra Nath Tagore) has a very strong influence on human being, the whole study is carried out only with Rabindra Sangeet of some special type. The experiment is done on a sample of size twenty five and finally the effect is verified on the corresponding population by statistical hypothesis testing under a suitable significance level.
Historic Urban Areas (HUA) is considered as particular places because of both historic and cultural resources and their situation in the cities. Many such areas are still facing with serious threats to lose their traditional features. Revitalization projects could not succeed to ensure the continuity of the features. This study aims to examine issues regard to public participation in revitalizing the historical and cultural area of Shiraz, Iran. The paper begins by highlighting the challenges faced in implementing current revitalization projects and the importance of public participation in them; then it proposed a SWOT analysis method to identify and assess the key criteria of the historic urban area with respect to public participation. This study found that the issues include different preferences regarding strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the area; there is a lack of trust in practitioners among the residents and their perspective to participation is passive; Lack of an appropriate mechanisms and tools to communicate with people; Continuing extreme physical deterioration and the lack of resistance in buildings; Continuing trend to housing low-income people to aim for accessing cheap; Lack of grassroots participation and prevailing a type of mandatory participation in the area.
Infrastructure elements interacts directly or indirectly, and the interdependencies among elements are complex. Understanding the interdependencies among infrastructure elements is important and necessary for increasing the capabilities of disaster prevention and emergency response. In this study, the effects of interdependencies between multiple dams are evaluated applying the Fuzzy Petri Net method on the Huai River watershed in China as a case study. The interrelationships in multiple-dam system are quantified, and then their effects are addressed dynamically to find the most vulnerable dam in the event of natural disaster such as flood using Hydraulic Dam Network Risk Model (HDNRM) system developed based on the Fuzzy Petri Net model. The results demonstrated that the system can provide reasonable assessment of interdependency and vulnerability of a multiple-dam system considering uncertainty and impreciseness of available information. These analyses can be used to provide reasonable and effective support for management and to help making decisions regarding the safety of each dam. The HDNRM system integrates a user-friendly graphical user interface with modules for the damage probability model and the Fuzzy Petri Net model to facilitate the application. This study shows that the HDNRM system is a valuable tool to enhance mitigation and preparedness management for multi-infrastructure systems.
Introduction. To verify the presence of an incremental effect of the forces released by elastomeric modules on the resistance to slide at the bracket-wire interface. Material and Methods. A 3-brackets experimental model has been designed to simulate a segment of dental arch including self-ligating brackets (Empower; ®American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI) of the upper right canine, first and second premolars. Elastomeric ligatures were divided in 4 groups, i.e., new (Group A), 48 hours, 2 and 4 weeks soaked in artificial saliva (Group B, C, D) and than placed on the Empower brackets with opened slide to engage an 0.016 NiTi thermal wires (Af 36°). For each group of ligatures, resistance to sliding (RS) was measured at three different numerical configurations by means of a custom-made machine, based on the Universal testing machine. Tests were repeated on 10 occasions for each group and ligature configurations. Results. All groups showed an increase of RS as the number of brackets covered by the elastomeric ligature augment (p < 0.0001); Group B showed the lower values of RS (p < 0.0001) while group D showed the higher (p < 0.0001). Discussion and Conclusion. The results of this investigation suggest the existence of an incremental effect of elastomeric ligatures on the RS produced at the bracket-wire interface. The aging of elastomeric modules influence their frictional behavior but not to their incremental effect of frictional forces.
A new mathematical model for the gas and solid phases Catalyzed propanol fluidized bed reactor using Pt/TiO2 catalyst is presented in this study. This mathematical model, accounts for mass and heat transfer between gas and solid phases with chemical reaction that occurs at the surface of the catalyst particles. The proposed mathematical model evaluates the effect of catalyst flow rate and superficial gas velocity on the system. Concentration and temperature profile changes are also estimated. Moreover the results of the proposed model are compared with experimental data in terms of concentration and temperature reaction. Obtained results show good agreement between proposed mathematical model and the actual plant data.
In this paper, a review and explanation about rainwater harvesting system will be discussed. Brief history, components and adaptation of rainwater harvesting system will be explained. On requirement for water, according to the United Nation’s recommendation, each citizen should be allocated 1000 m3 of water per annum. In Kuala Lumpur, water crisis in April 1998 which brought unpleasant water supply disruption for 1.8 million residents in the Klang and Langat Valley triggered the need for rainwater harvesting system in Malaysia. Rainwater harvesting could be an alternative to boost municipal water management in the future and to mitigate future water shortage. In Malaysia, rainwater in its state has the potential to replace about 58% of main water supply for non-potable requirement.
This article describes results of the student motivation research, conducted on information systems and technologies students covering all five grades of study. The distribution of student motivation types and it’s correlation analysis is shown, and also impact of the motivation type on the average score is described.
This paper presents on the implementation of an artificial neural network (ANN) model on field programmable gate array (FPGA) to recognize the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) in a sample. The ANN model is constructed using the Xilinx System Generator tool in Matlab Simulink environment. The precision of the weights and biases, as well as the non-linearity of the activation function of the ANN model are two major issues highlighted in this article. The study shows that the length of the 20-bits of fixed-point format with 14 fractional bits of operation promises an error of less than 0.0001. The article also reports three approximation methods (look-up table, Maclaurin power series approximation, and piecewise linear approximation) to represent the sigmoid transfer function in the FPGA circuit. The induced errors for all the three methods are acceptable in this study. However, the piecewise linear approximation has better trade-off between resources utilization and accuracy. In conclusion, the results verified by the hardware co-simulation of the constructed ANN model promise a good performance with 100% prediction accuracy to classify the tested samples into two groups, either with or without SRB.
Based on progressive type-II censored sample with random removals, point and interval estimations for the shape parameters of the exponentiated Weibull distribution are discussed. Computational formula for the expected total test time are derived for different situations of sampling plans. This is useful in planing a life test experiment. The efficiency of the estimators are compared in terms of the root mean square error, the variance and the coverage probability of the corresponding confidence intervals. A simulation study is presented for several values of removal probability and different values of failure percentage. Also, numerical applications are conducted to illustrate and compare the usefulness of the different sampling plans in terms of expected test times for different patterns of failure rates.
This paper addresses the problem of searching for a randomly located target on the plane by two searchers using a new search technique and finding the minimum expected value of time for detecting the target. It is desired to search in an optimal manner to minimize the expected value of the time for detecting the target, assuming truncated circular normal distributed estimates of its position. An illustrative example has been given to demonstrate the applicability of this technique.
Abstract \nRing chromosomes are rare cytogenetic abnormalities that occur in less than 10% of hematopoietic malignancies and considering that ring chromosomes are rare in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). By reviewing the web-based search for all types of peer review articles published, was initiated using MEDLINE/PubMed, Mitelman database http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/Chromosomes/Mitelman and other pertinent references on websites about ring chromosomes in chronic and acute myeloid leukemia. Also the un-stimulated bone marrow specimen of present case manipulated with Methotrexate cells culture synchronization and finally was treated by GTG-banding technique. Ring chromosome was observed in 10% of the total cells. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated apparently ring (15) 46, XY, r(15) karyotype. The clinical findings revealed history of nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, night sweats, and a weight loss, anemia and diagnosed as accelerated CML. This case adds to the spectrum of both morphology and genetic rearrangements in malignancy.\nKeywords: Ring chromosomes, malignancy, Mechanisms, Abnormality, Marker
