Hydraulic rock drill is an efficient, fast drilling machine with high manufacturing accuracy, and the selection and use of seal are critical. The Stepseal properties and selection of hydraulic rock drill, as well as its O-shape seal mechanism and selection, were studied in the work, and key parameters were calculated. Thus, a foundation is provided for the correct seal choice of hydraulic rock drill. Stepseal plays a crucial role in successfully solving the impact piston seal of hydraulic rock drill. It also paves the way for the promotion and application of hydraulic rock drill.
Hydraulic system is a \"blood system\" of fully hydraulic drilling equipment. Then, the clean and protection of hydraulic system are the most basic demands of hydraulic drilling-equipment operation. The working oil pollution of hydraulic system has an effect on the stable operation of hydraulic rock drill. Hydraulic drill carriage has the requirements on hydraulic oil, so its selection principles and methods are produced. Filter selection criteria, the pollution causes and control measures of hydraulic fluid were studied besides the above in this work. This has important guiding significance on the production and use of full hydraulic drill carriage.
How to make the spray droplets from the array ultrasonic nozzle system fall over the substrate surface stably without rebounding or spattering due to excessive pressure or velocity causing waste of raw material and excessive or non-uniform spray, or to avoid too long distance or too low velocity influencing the spray coating efficiency will be the key in the efficiency of ultrasonic spraying equipments. This study aims at the array ultrasonic nozzle sprayed atomization flow field on flat plate, and uses different design and operating parameter combinations to analyze the distribution of spray flow field to evaluate the spray coating performance quality, so as to find out the optimum parameter combination of array ultrasonic nozzle spray coating, the analytic results can be used to improve the flat plate coating performance of the array ultrasonic nozzle spraying equipment. The study uses computer numerical simulation to analyze and discuss the design and operating parameters influencing the spray characteristic, such as the nozzle height, nozzle pitch, substrate delivery rate and spray coating flow field distribution and flat plate coating effect in the case of fixed ultrasonic vibrator, vibration wave and array ultrasonic nozzle arrangement. The optimum process parameters of array ultrasonic spray coating technique are established, and the simulation analysis results will be compared and validated by practical spray coating experiment, so as to determine the reliability of simulation to implement the spray flow field simulation technique for large area uniform spray coating.
The aim of the present study was to investigate relationships between birth month distribution within the same calendar year, sport results in junior age categories, later sport achievements and the final sports level of professional tennis players. \nThe analysis covered 500 male tennis players world’s best young male tennis players, from 79 countries at the calendar age between 11-14 who represented their countries in international tournaments, and then continued their career until senior age. The study conclude that an earlier birth date in the same year corresponds to the level of sports achievements by junior tennis players aged 11-14 years and that being born in the later months of the year is a barrier to sport development and attainment of high sport level at a senior age. It was also showed that differences in sports development due to different birth dates in the year constitute a factor ‘disturbing’ proper assessment of sport potential of young tennis players. The relative age effect must be taken into consideration in the entire process of analysis of this potential. It is suggested the necessity to organize training, talent identification procedures and competition in tennis so that they equally promote all young players, not only those with the advantage of their earlier birth date.
Our study focuses on the use of four essential oils from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) of laurel (Laurus nobilis), mint (Mentha viridis) and thyme (Thymus palescens) in the fight against Varroa destructor in the northern African bee Apis mellifera intermissa. Following various treatments, the initial rate of around 7%, which reflected the severity of the parasitic disease, has significantly decreased to rates between 0.70 and 5.15%. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the three types of treatment (rosemary, mint and bay leaves). This difference shows that there was an effect treatment on such varroa activity. Treatment with laurel oil has given better results in reducing the development of varroa. Comparing the mortality rate of varroa highlights the importance of efficacy of the treatment
Primary renal carcinoid tumor is an extremely uncommon neoplasm that arises from neuroendocrine cells. As it is extremely uncommon, its immunohistochemical characteristics have not been clearly determined. In this case, a 23-year-old male patient was incidentally identified with right renal mass. Right radical nephrectomy was performed. Postoperative 22-month follow- up showed no metastasis or recurrence.
Cyanobacteria produce quite a wide range of substances influencing environment including water supplies. Cyanotoxins are a group of secondary metabolites of the cyanobacteria responsible for adverse effects after ingestion of contaminated water or food. Examples include oligosaccharides, organic acids, enzymes, antibiotics, various odors and toxins (cyanotoxins). Due to long-term stability of the toxins, the high representation of cyanobacteria in the environment and high toxicity of the toxins, cyanobacteria represents a significant and very hard unsolved problem. The present paper critically summarizes the basic facts about the toxic products of cyanobacteria. It contains examples of toxins, case reports and discussion of cyanotoxins persistence in the environment.
Purpose: The research was of a descriptive type done methodologically to establish the validity and reliability, in the Turkish language, of EDIN (Échelle Douleur Inconfort Nouveau-Né, Neonatal Pain and Discomfort Scale) used to assess pain in preterm infants born between 25- 36 of gestation weeks. \nMethods: A total of 120 preterm infants were enrolled in the study. The study evaluated the validity and reliability of EDIN scale, consisting of 20 items categorized 5 subgroups, based on independent observations by two nurses. Content Validity Index (CVI) was used for language and content validity, factor analysis for construct validity, Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficients, item-total score correlation coefficients for internal consistency and dependent sample t-test and Pearson’s correlation test for inter-rater reliability. SPSS 17.5 program used for analyzing results.\nResults: CVI of the scale was 0.88, item-total score correlations between 0.33-0.59 (p=0.000); cronbach alpha value 0.86. While there was a slight statistical difference in subgroups “body movements” and “consolability” in dependent sample t test, Pearson’s correlation test, which investigated concordance between observers, established a high level of inter-rater agreement in all subgroups (r=0.87, p=0.000). \nConclusion: Validity and reliability of EDIN scale in the Turkish language were established to be statistically significantly adequate. \n \nKey Words: Chronic pain, preterm, validity, reliability, EDIN
In the article, the authors present the influence of cultural identity on regional architecture taking into consideration the life philosophy, return to the roots, and the identification of the inhabitants with their “little homeland” as well as with local enterprises. The research was conducted at two different tourist resorts — Zakopane and Karpacz, situated in the Sudeten and the Carpathian mountain ranges. The towns are characterized by different histories — national affiliation and ethnic structure of the population, respectively. Strong cultural tradition does not necessarily contribute to preserving regional patterns in architecture. The only warranty of proper spatial policy on culturally valuable areas is the local plans. Other possibilities of civil structures realization should be eliminated. The state should elaborate a system of promotion and preferences for properly run investments in historic facilities. \nKeywords: cultural identity, regional architecture, national affiliation
Inroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the autonomic nervous system functions and quality of life parameters patients with Erectil dysfunction.\nMaterials and methods: The present study included 20 adult patients with erectil dysfunction and 20 healthy controls. Demographic characteristics including age, education, body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking habit, marriage age, marriage duration, drug intake, and disease duration were recorded. Erectile function of the subjects was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function scale. SF 36 scale is used to evaluate the quality of life. The electrophysiological assessments of the autonomic nervous system function were performed by sympathetic skin response.\nResults: The mean International Index of Erectile Function scale scores in patients with erectil dysfunction was significantly lower compared with the controls. The mean latency of sympathetic skin response in patients was significantly prolonged compared with the controls. The mean amplitude of sympathetic skin response in patients with erectil dysfunction was significantly smaller compared with the controls The comparisons between the groups for SF-36 scales showed that all SF-36 scales scores were significantly lower in the erectil dysfunction group than in the control group. International Index of Erectile Function scale scores also were positively correlated with the SF-36 scales scores\nConclusion: We have observed strikingly abnormal patterns of sympathetic dysfunction and abnormal quality of life in erectil dysfunction and shown a strong association between SF-35 scores and sympathetic skin response testing.
Abstract\n Kidney disease is associated with many abnormalities in the oral health status as well as with alterations in salivary flow and composition.The aim of this study was to find possible association between oral clinical findings and salivary flow (SF) or salivary pH values in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).\n In a cross-sectional study 90 patients with CKD were analyzed,30 patients with serum creatinine values under 120μmol / L, 30 patients on hemodialysis treatment and 30 patients with kidney transplantation.The control group was consisted of 20 healthy individuals. Oral symptoms, signs and lesions were registered. Salivary volume, salivary pH and SF of stimulated and unstimulated saliva were determined. \n Among patients with CKD without dialysis treatment inverse relationship was found between uremic fetor, unpleasant taste and unstimulated SF and also between xerostomia and stimulated SF .Negative correlation between thirst and unstimulated salivary flow was found in both dialysis and transplant groups. In kidney-transplant patients was registered negative correlation between petechiae and SF, while in hemodialysis patients betweeen uremic fetor and stimulated SF.\n Salivary flow was significantly lower in hemodialysis patients, and highest in kidney-transplant patients which correspond with the oral clinical findings.\nKey words: oral findings, salivary flow, hemodialysis, kidney transplantation.
We propose results of distribution tests that indicate that for many natural images, the statistics of the \ndiscrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients are best approximated by a generalized Laplace function (GLF)\nwhich includes the conventional Gaussian and Laplacian probability density functions. The major parameter of \nthe (GLF) is estimated according to the maximum likelihood (ML) principle. Experimental results on a number of chi square tests indicate that the (GLF) can be used effectively for modeling the DCT coefficients compared to the \nconventional Laplacian and generalized Gaussian function (GGF).
Knitting machinery is growing up with high speed, high efficiency, high precision, intelligence, diversification, differentiation, good stability and high reliability. Some specific researches were conducted for the urgent key common technologies (high speed, high density, breadth and mechatronics digitization) of high-end knitting machinery : the crankshaft drive technology of high-end knitting machinery, the program development of high-speed motion curve, the material selection of carbon fiber and its utilization in high-end warp knitting machinery, the application of mechatronics digital technology in the controlling part and researches on the manufacturing technology for key parts. The results are applied to warp knitting machine products, and great improvements on the design and manufacturing of warp knitting machine are achieved.
Gastronomy is becoming one of the key tourist attractions to define a tourist destination. It satisfies travellers looking for autochthonous and cultural elements of a geographic area in particular. In this paper the authors will expose the results of a survey analysing the connection between gastronomy, culture and tourism with visitors arriving in the city of Cáceres, in Spain. \nThis field research is based on data obtained from several surveys conducted to visitors when having lunch at the leading restaurants of the city. The main conclusions of this research confirm the existing connection amongst factors such as culture, gastronomy, the economic level of the visitor, and the high level of satisfaction of the tourist class after their visit to the city of Cáceres.
The occurrence of brownfields areas is related to fast development within industrial activity. Conventional labour-intense industrial activities were losing their significance and new highly-productive activities, based on educated labour force and higher added value, developed. De-industrialisation occurred. Environments that were able to adapt to changes on time and managed to restructure their economies, have also to a large extent avoided negative impacts of de-industrialisation in the economic, social and cultural fields. The external signs of negative de-industrialisation are mostly degradation of space, unemployment, social endangerment, increase of crime and marginalisation of the population in the affected areas.\nThe role of geography and geographers in solving problems of brownfields areas in the new EU member states is closely related to economic transition and its main results – the de industrialisation and tertiarisation of urban space.\nSlovenian geographers focused their research work mostly into researching physical and regional geography of Slovenia. \nThe initial interest of geographers in the issue of brownfields can be traced to the broader scope works, focused primarily on the issue of unused or devastated urban areas and urban fallows.\nWe see the problem in an inadequate approach to solving revitalisations from top to bottom as well as in the ill-defined role of Geography and geographers. Findings, gained through multiyear work on the project are the following: the place and role of Geography and geographers solving the problem of brownfields need to be defined anew. Financial and economic crisis in the new EU members simultaneously poses a threat of slowing down solving the problem of abandoned and/or otherwise degraded industrial areas as well as an opportunity for thorough rethinking about the modern approach to the problem which needs to be based on interdisciplinary Requisite Holism bottom-up approach.
Probability is one of the important fundamental concepts in statistics and the measurement of students’ learning of probability has been emphasized and discussed in many different ways. The concern is in the stability of the measurement instrument across relevant subsamples such as gender. Hence, the attempt to measure the invariance properties of item estimates using two Rasch measurement tools, namely DIF and DTF. These tools are used to indicate if invariance properties hold for the assessment instruments for if it does then item estimates remain stable across relevant subsamples. The study shows that DIF and DTF have successfully shown evidence of invariance properties with 98% stability in item estimates across the two subsamples. This also emphasizes that true measurement arises from a correct development of instrument that has prevented greater bias in the assessment.
The analysis of soils irrigated by these discharges revealed the presence of a strong concentration of chromium in the first 30 cm of the substrate (36.25 mg.kg-1). This is depth commonly used by farmers. Beyond 30 cm, obtained values (5 to 10 mg.kg-1) are close to the soil’s natural geochemical levels (control soil: 2.7mg.kg-1). The study shows that the percentage of chromium mobilized increases with the concentration of citric acid that stabilizes at a concentration of 0.6mol.L-1 and that double-distilled water maintains chromium mobilization even though the general tendency is a decrease in concentration. The experiment also showed chromium migrates rapidly in the residual fraction (R4) and its bioavailability is inversely proportional to time. \nKeywords: Arid land, irrigation with sewage, contamination, evolution of chromium, influence of rainfall, Algeria.
The load bearing capacity of steel and concrete composite slabs using thin-walled cold-formed steel sheeting with prepressed embossments is in most cases determined by its resistance in longitudinal shear. The designing of composite slabs requires the performance of large-scale laboratory bending tests. Small-scale shear tests cannot include all of the influences affecting the bended slab but the shear characteristics obtained from them can facilitate the design process. One of the possible small-scale test set ups is the slip-block test. It is a procedure which enables the determination of the contribution of friction and mechanical interlock separately. \nThe end constraints effectively increase the load bearing capacity of the composite slabs. Two different types of easily assembled additional end constraints are tested and compared in this paper. Small-scale tests are used to obtain their shear bearing characteristics and to predict the load bearing capacity of bended slabs using these constraints.
This paper introduces the principle of ultrasonic cleaning, cleaning process and other factors which affect the cleaning effect and a drilling machine assembly in the application of advaced ultrasonic cleaning technology. Drilling machine stability index reached 13500m. The adoption of new technology makes cleaning simple and reliable, reduce labor intensity and improve work efficiency, and find a new way to clean large and complex parts for the mechanical manufacturing industry.
The forward displacement of the parallel robot mechanism can be converted to nonlinear equations for solving, but it is very difficult to find all solutions because of the strong coupling of the nonlinear equations. According to the problems of only one solution and sometimes no convergence during solving the nonlinear equations in Newton method and quasi-Newton method and based on the combination of hyper-chaos system and numerical extension method, numerical extension method based on hyper-chaos for solving the general 6-6 platform parallel mechanism was proposed. This method uses the hyper-chaotic system to produce the initial point of the numerical extension method, and takes advantage of the characteristics of the chaotic sequence and the numerical extension method to find all the real solutions. The numerical example shows that the new method has some characteristics such as running in the initial value range, fast convergence and all real solution that be found out, and proves the correctness and validity. It provides a new approach to mechanism design.
Abstract\nTrauma is a worldwide problem, with severe and wide ranging consequences for individuals and society as a whole. In this retrospective study we describe the epidemiological features of head trauma, its causes and its consequences in patients who were consecutively admitted to the three main trauma centers in Tehran hospitals, Iran, in 2012. The data collected included patient’s demographics, age, sex, severity of head trauma (GCS), CT scan results, length of hospitalized, causes of trauma and mortality. A total of 4644 patients were included in this study (all head trauma admission was 55428 cases). On admission, more than 93% of patients had GCS between13 and 15 and normal CT results. The most affected age group in our study was the 21-40 years. Men were affected three times more than women. Motor vehicle accident, fall from height and assault are the main mechanisms of head trauma. The length of hospital stay was less than nine days in 84.5% of cases. There were thirty three deaths resulting from head trauma in current investigation. Prevention strategies for head trauma should target 21-40 age group, males and motor vehicle accidents as high-risk groups. The findings of present investigation will serve as a base for design prevention strategies and epidemiological studies in order to reduce the number of patients with head trauma.
Bimbo Group has become one of the most important producers in the food sector at a global level. It is considered the second most important bread-maker in the world, with presence in more than 17 countries, where it enjoys great participation and positioning of its products. These factors have helped towards it becoming the leading company in its industry, and therefore, a model company for others to follow as far as their processes, strategies and practices, which have helped this group to become a giant in the bread-making industry. It is due to these aspects that it was necessary to carry out a study into its operations, and internal activities, with the purpose of understanding why its corporate and internationalization strategies have been so successful in the ever changing, competitive international markets taking Colombia as an example and how the Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) can adopt these strategies in order to begin an internationalization process.
A numerical approach to modeling ternary systems on the basis of thermodynamic properties of binary systems constituting the investigated ternary system is presented. \nThe idea of predicting values is regarded as calculation of values of a function inside a certain area (the Gibbs triangle) unless all boundary conditions, that is values of on all legs of the triangle are known ( , , ). This approach is contrary to finding a function value outside a certain area, if the function value inside this area is known. \nThe model was applied to Ag-Au-Bi, In-Sn-Zn and Cu-Fe-Sn systems. and ternary interaction parameters in the Muggianu extension of the Redlich – Kister formalism were calculated numerically using the Excel program and Solver. Results of calculations were compared with the literature data obtained by means of the Calphad method.
As an economic doctrine, liberalism has significantly influenced the internal mechanics of many economies, imposing a certain pattern to the global economic world during different historic periods. Theory, along with history, has proved the fact that liberalism, through its virtues, ensures the proper milieu for development to both individuals and nations. The manner in which free trade, as an expression of economic liberalism, promotes the wealth of a certain nation was and continues to be a topic for reflection and debate. The interest concerning the development issue has recently taken into consideration the qualitative side as well; this is the result of the fact that the wealth of a nation equals development only if it provides improvement in the individuals’ life standards. Empirical evidences supports the idea that free nations enjoy noticeable performances/ results regarding human and material welfare.
Complex mandibular fractures causes loss of bone and soft tissue and teeth, and treatment requires a wide exposure. The authors report a case of mandibular complex fracture treated with a transcervical approach and discuss the usefulness of this technique.
Abstract \nIntroduction: Colistin has been commercially available since 1950s, but it was \nsuperseded in 1970s following reports on its nephrotoxicity. Recently, Colistin has again become \nimportant because of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Silymarin has been applied in \nalternate and modern medicine for treating hepatic diseases. It may be considered as a potential \nrenoprotective agent. Whether the administration of silymarin could be an effective agent to \nprevent colistin-induced nephrotoxicity is an important question. \nOur aim was to assess the protective effect of silymarin on colistin-induced \nnephrotoxicity from structural and functional aspects. \nMaterials and Methods: Forty male rats were used. They were divided into: group I \n(control group), group II (control vehicle group), group III (colistin-treated group) and group IV \n(colistin + silymarin treated group). Histological, ultrastructural, morphometric and biochemical \nlab works were done. \nResults: Both glomerular and tubular affection were observed in group III. Significant \nincrease in NAG, urea, creatinine, uric acid, Na+ and K+ occurred in this group. Increase in the \nmean values of the area % of the kidney weight, area of the Bowman\
The paper presents an implemented architecture of a software platform used in a master program from our university. The interactive teaching consists in online courses and virtual laboratories about electronics devices simulation, circuit optimisation and biocomponents analysis. The software is based on Core and Collaboration components from the Lotus LearningSpace package. Both a demonstrative course and virtual laboratory are included in the first step of the Core component installing. After the Collaboration component set-up, whiteboard and live session are used. Then some applications concerning microelectronics and bio-components simulation are presented, as a collaborative work from the e-Learning environment. The implemented platform gives the possibility to integrate the poor universities in the international framework and to make the national qualifications more readable.
The English Language is a live and international language which is the most popular conversational language. According to the experts’ view, the main goal of teaching foreign language is communicating, subsequently; the goal of learning the English language must be increasing and promoting the speaking skill. In this article, it is attempted to investigate the role of teaching English in promoting speaking skill of learners whose mother language is Persian. This is carried out by proposing questions as: 1) Is the English language selected in order to develop and promote the speaking skill? 2) Does teaching the English language is effective in creating an attitude towards learning and also learning independently? 3) Does teaching the English language promote the learners’ tendency to probe and search and create critical attitude? 4) Does teaching the English language create the sense of responsibility and active cooperation among learners? 5) Does teaching the English language emphasize the general concepts and ideas in order to facilitate understanding partial contents? Next, by conducting studies through the survey and library research and applying instruments such as note-taking and questionnaire the necessary data were gathered among 107 samples. Then, the data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics and finally the conclusions and suggestions were presented according to the given data .
Presence of vermiform appendix in an inguinal hernia sac, with or without appendicitis, is called Amyand hernia and was first described in 1735 by Claudius Amyand. Migrating cecal appendix in a hernia sac is a rare situation, however Amyand hernia is more common than Garengeot hernia, its incidence was 0.1%. Acute appendicitis, hernia can be seen at any age, mainly in children and the elderly because of greater openness hernial orifice is, however, rare. \nCan be found two practical situations: a cecal appendix flammable or cecal appendix at different stages of inflammation, inflammation of the appendix is attributed to external compression of the appendix in the hernial sac package. Appendix cecal inflammatory condition that determines the type of surgical approach hernioraphy or hernioraphy without appendectomy in cases with normal appendix or appendectomy followed by hernioraphy, in cases of acute appendicitis or normal appendix youth an increased risk of develop a form of acute appendicitis in their lifetime. Using tables hernia repair defect remains questionable, and it is up to the surgeon. Acute appendicitis, hernia occurs most often as an incarcerated hernia, the intraoperative diagnosis of certainty, a fact noted by us. We believe that acute appendicitis is a surgical hernia falling panel acute surgical abdomen, which requires that before an inguinal hernia, especially on the right, with clinical manifestations of incarcerated hernia, until proven otherwise be considered diagnosis of acute appendicitis and hernia.
