Purpose. To evaluate the care given using Roy\'s Adaptation Model. \nMethods. A pretest–posttest experimental model with a control group. Study population comprised postpartum women (N = 134; 65 in the experimental group, 69 in the control group) who had caesarean full-term delivery in a Turkish maternity hospital between September 2009 and February 2011. Data were collected from the experimental group during seven home visits and from the control group at the end of the 6th week postpartum. \nResults. Percentage, chi-square, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and the McNamer test were used to evaluate data establishing 36 nursing diagnoses: Physiological requirements (22), Self requirements (7), Role Function requirements (4), and Interdependence Mode requirements (3). It was determined that the care given during the postpartum period using Roy\'s Adaptation Model resolved or prevented the majority of postpartum problems. The difference between most diagnoses was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05; p<0.001) during the last week of data collection. \nConclusion. The care given in the postpartum period using Roy\'s Adaptation Model resolved or prevented postpartum problems.
Starting from the concepts that are used in investment projects and from the specific indicators of appraisal performance, we considered reasonable the analysis of the economic and financial appraisal methodology for investment projects. We also revealed the defficiencies of the current economic and financial appraisal methodology of investment projects as well as particularities in calculation and analysis of investment efficiency.\nAlthough all investment efficiency appraisal methods are feasable, none of them can explain entirely the efficiency of the project. Therefore the economic and financial appraisal methodology must be the result of employing several methods, among which the internal rate of
The existing government guidelines on damage assessment for compensation in Nigeria only recognize use goods to the neglect of non-use goods. Non-use goods have utility, ecological, aesthetic and moral or ethical values and, as a result, have existence, bequest and option values. The purpose of the paper is to apply contingent method of valuation to determine the value of non use goods with the view to developing a model for assessment of damages by oil pollution for compensation. The survey approach was adopted for data collection. Respondents were drowned from five communities within high oil pollution incidence areas, selected by multi-stage sample techniques. The study elicited data on the principles of ‘willingness to accept compensation by pollution victims. The study shows the contingent method can be reliable used to estimate the value of non-use goods in Nigeria for compensation.
There is a gap between the Polish and world innovation development in the SME sector. This is the result of low R&D expenditure levels which influence their slow innovation progress. Most Polish entrepreneurs are committed to im-proving their level of innovativeness and automatically their level of competitive-ness in the European (world) markets. To continue this direction of development, the enterprises have to be provided with sustainable sources of: capital (funds), knowledge, human resources, etc. This paper is aimed at defining the main needs of Polish SMEs in the area of innovation progress. The results are concentrated on the three essential elements: the estimation of the actual potential of the firm (in technological, organizational, financial and R&D aspects), the estimation of its relations with the environment (official and unofficial) and the assessment of the existing needs which have not been realized so far (this realization is necessary for the future development). The study has allowed to draw many interesting con-clusions concerning the needs and expectations of Polish entrepreneurs in the area of innovation progress. Same statistical tools were applied in the verification process such as: the Kruskal-Wallis test to evaluate differences between studied variables, the test of independence (χ2), to determine interdependence between studied characteristics, and the contingency coefficient (C-Pearson), to assess the strength of relationship existing between studied variable.
The groundwater of Continental Midsole (CI) is coveted for its water as resources are widely exploited in the Algerian Northern Sahara. This groundwater is characterized by a high flow and pressure at output. It goes from 0.05 to 0.4 m3/s for flow, and 5 to 40 bars for pressure. The hydraulic energy is completely neglected. An investigation on the Northern Sahara Aquifer System (SASS) was essential to prove the existence of this potential. This energy is reflected by an artesianism which is very convincing in most drillings for a lasting time.\nWe have noticed the immensity of this energy, the expanded volume of the aquifer and the importance of its use in agriculture. A drilling with average power can provide 160 kW of an output power.\nUnfortunately, this potential remains untapped to date. Fortunately, our research team was interested in familiarising the use of this energy.
Multiple fault diagnosis is a challenging problem because the number of candidates grows exponentially in the number of faults. The multiple fault problems is important, since the single fault assumption can lead to incorrect or failed diagnoses when multiple faults occur. In this work, we present an approach for diagnosing multi faults based on model using techniques of detection and localization. We use an observer to generate residuals for a decision in a stage of monitoring and diagnostic system when disruptions or defects occur. Our contribution is the proposal of a diagnostic method when multiple faults type actuators or sensors affect the system.
Violent video games have been linked to increased aggressive behavior and juvenile crimes in many developed and developing societies. This exploratory study investigates the effects of high income and gender on playing violent video games in Malaysia, and how it results in poor academic performance amongst secondary school children. This is a case study for other middle income nations in Southeast Asia, which also have strong Eastern cultural and religious beliefs. Contrary to earlier findings, the results indicated boys from higher income backgrounds had a higher propensity for playing violent video games than adolescents from lower income backgrounds. The same effect though, is not manifested on adolescent girls. Nevertheless, playing violent video games was positively related to trait aggressive and negatively to academic performance in both sexes. Our findings shed new light on socio-economic and demographic factors influencing violent video gaming, offering insights to both policy-makers and theoreticians in researching gaming effects.
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine relationship between physical fitness (PF) and academic achievement (AA) in children. Methods: 361 middle-school students at 12-14 age group participated to research voluntarily. Vertical jump, handgrip strength, flexibility, balance and plates tapping tests were applied to determine PF. Math, Science&Technology;, Social Sciences/Revolution History&Kemalism;, Turkish and foreign language (English) lesson grades were taken to determine AA, and these grades were divided two parts as numeral academic grades (Math and Science&Technology;) and verbal academic grades (Social Sciences/Revolution History&Kemalism;, Turkish and Foreign Language). Independent t test, One Way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation analyzes in SPSS 15.0 for Windows Package Program were applied in analyze of data obtained. Results: Result of applied analyzes, while it was found that female students’ both numeral and verbal achievement academic were higher than male students at significant level (p<0,05), no statistically significant difference was found between numeral and verbal academic achievements as BMI situations (p>0,05). Besides, a linear relationship between participants’ PF level and numeral-verbal academic achievements was found (p<0,05). Conclusion: It was found that PF level of 12-14 age group children impacts on AA positively.
In a context of stimulus for enterprise, such perspective presents valuable contributions for the development of care and health networks, made possible through new references and different views. In this sense, an interest in advance in these discussions emerged to raise theoretical concepts about the competences and potentials that provide a base and support for enterprise in nursing, which has as a main instrument interactive and associative care.
In today’s banking and financial market, Islamic banking is emerging as an innovative banking scheme. A fabulous feature of interest free banking method has expanded its applicability for multiple groups of consumers around the world. Nevertheless, similar to any new financing scheme, Islamic banking systems contain its problems and as well has faced serious challenges. In this regard, this study is an effort to represent a fair insight about Islamic banking, its principles, its investment vehicles as well as faced challenges with recommendations that could be a roadmap for its continued success in future. The study argues that in spite of different types of challenges, the Islamic banking system will be able to serve its customers around the world and also compete with long established conventional banking scheme for attracting new users which in turn secure its existence and continued growth in a highly competitive banking and financing industry.
Co-Cr-Mo (F-75) alloy is one of the most important metallic biomaterial used for surgical implant due to its strength, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The aim of this research is to study the sintering kinetics and the activation energy of Co-Cr-Mo alloys. The samples of Co-Cr-Mo alloy were fabricated by powder metallurgy (PM) technique. Sintering kinetic was studied during isothermal sintering from 1523 K (1250 °C) to 1623 K (1350°C) in argon atmosphere with different sintering times. The microstructure of the samples was studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The average grain size of the samples was measured by the line intercept method. The grain growth exponent (n) has been determined to study the mechanism of sintering and the activation energy has been calculated. The results showed that the exponent n values increase when the temperature decreases. The n values are in the range between 2 and 3 and the grain growth was driven by lattice diffusion. The value of activation energy was found to be 286 kJ/mole
Huge amount of waste material occurred during the processing of boron mineral and cause to the negative effects on the environment. With the waste materials could be use in road pavement construction, also demand for new aggregate resources and waste stock areas will be decreased and negative effects on the environment were minimized with this way. In this study usability of boron waste in bituminous hot mixtures as filler was investigated. For this aim Marshall design tests were performed for bituminous hot mixtures with 4 %, 5 % and 6 % waste filler added with respectively and test results were correlated with each other. Chemical and SEM analysis were performed in order to waste material characterization. Test results showed that, boron wastes of Etibor Kırka Borax Company can be used in bituminous hot mixture’s wearing courses as filler.
The purpose of the study is to define the impact of the ECRIF method on four language skills of learners in language learning. In the study, pre-test and post- test design was used. The participants of the study consisted of 21 5th grade students at Kartal Doga Primary School. ECRIF teaching method was designed for the themes of water birds and handcraft integrating the eight key competences in language lessons. Data of the research was collected through CAT-1 & CAT-2 exams, students’ presentations and reflection forms. The study was conducted for four weeks. CAT-1 and CAT-2 exams were applied as the pre and post-tests. Gathered data were analyzed in two ways; as quantitative and qualitative data. T-tests for the dependent groups were analyzed for qualitative data. \nFindings of the research have shown that the application of ECRIF method has a positive effect on language learning. It has also been found out that ECRIF method has an impact on the development of the productive skills of learners and makes a significant difference on the exam results of the learners.
The Carpathian Chain is the largest mountain range in Europe spreading over 43% of the Romanian territory. Its unique and dynamic environment is, nowadays, subject to a wide range of environmental challenges related to land abandonment, habitat conversion and fragmentation, biodiversity loss, deforestation, pollution, overexploitation of natural resources, waste management etc. In order to protect and manage the natural landscape in the Romanian Carpathians, over 1 million hectares were put under protection by declaring 22 major protected areas (8 natural parks, 12 national parks and 2 geoparks), as well as some 600 reserves and natural monuments. The paper is aiming to identify and analyze the main environmental stressors in the Romanian Carpathians in order to assess the best management measures in terms of natural landscape protection: environmental legislation, declaration of areas with ecological and landscape value as protected areas, urban plans requirements, forest management plans etc.
The objective of this article is to measure the economic performance of MBA programs and their contribution to the value of human capital in Turkey. The human factor is a primary source for both the economic development and progress of a country. The quality of this human element, which may also be defined as human capital, will be determinative of the economic development and progress. Education is the initial step in achieving a sufficient level of qualification regarding the human factor. MBA programs make a greater contribution in upgrading the quality of the human component when compared to other instructional programs. MBA programs are common throughout the world, and they have recently become widespread in Turkey. There is a need for measuring the quality provided by education to human capital, specifically that which is instilled by MBA programs. Within this framework, this article aims to find an answer to the question ‘what is the level of contribution of the MBA programs in Turkey to human capital, within the context of Fatih University’. According to the survey results, there is a statistically meaningful relationship between economic performance and the quality of the human factor gained through an MBA education. However, it is also found that the effect of the MBA education on income levels takes time. More research is needed to increase the awareness of public and private institutions on the contribution of the MBA education to human capital.
Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden.&Scheng;. is a perennial species of Lamiaceae family including essential oil. Essential oil rates and essential oil components were determined in plants of this species collected from different altitudes. It was determined form the plants picked up during the full flowering periods in three different altitudes (890 m, 1239 m and 1605 m) that essential oil reduced depending upon the altitudes and essential oil included 42 components and pulegone was the main components among these. Whereas the lowest pulegone rate was determined as 59.9% at 890 m altitude, the highest value (68.12%) was determined at 1605 m. It was also determined that as the altitude increased, the rate of this component in essential oil increased, but the rate of other important components (such as isomenthone, limonene, 1,8- cineole, isopulegone) in essential oil decreased as the altitude increased. \nKey Words: Cyclotrichium niveum, effect of altitude, essential oil, pulegone
Background: Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a critical growth factor in lung development and is a protective agent after lung injury. The receptor for keratinocyte growth factor (KGFR) is the sole known high-affinity receptor for KGF. This paper was to construct of recombinant adenoviruses expression vector of mouse KGFR and its expression in A549 cells. Materials and methods: pair of primers was designed according to digestion sites in plasmid pUCm-T, pSK, pAdTrack-CMV and the exon8 of KGFR gene sequence published by GenBank. The cDNA library for exon3~exon11of KGFR was constructed using RT-PCR, and screened by enzyme and DNA sequencing, the DNA fragment of 1046 bp including exon8 was cloned into AdTrack-CMV and transformed into the host E. coli strain BJ5183 and constructed the AdEasy-FGFR2 -Ⅲb. The cosmid DNA was transfected into 293 cells to recover the recombinant virus. Results: The DNA fragment of FGFR2-exon3~exon11 was successfully amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into AdTrack-CMV. The AdEasy-FGFR2-Ⅲb was successfully constructed and transfected into 293 cells to recover the recombinant virus. Conclusions: The AdEasy-FGFR2-Ⅲb was successfully constructed and transfected into 293 cells to recover the recombinant virus. It will provide the basis for further empirical study on gene therapy for acute lung injury.
Aim: To identify the load distribution patterns of dental implants installed in a photoelastic resin model\nMaterials and Methods: Cylindrical and conical implants were used with external hex (EH), internal hex (IH) and morse taper (MT) connections. A photoelastic resin hemimandible was made with an implant installed in the sector corresponding to the second premolar; a prosthetic abutment was installed in the implants at 20N. A force of 150N was applied vertically on the abutment and the load distribution was obtained using a polariscope, observed as strips of different colors. A square mesh served to identify quantitatively the number of strips and their distribution, in order to then compare the effect of the different implant systems.\nResults: The cylindrical EH implant presented high stress at the cervical level. The conical IH implant presented the greatest load distribution at the middle and apical levels; the conical MT implant presented the greatest stress level at the cervical and apical levels. The highest stress level was observed in the cylindrical implant.\nConclusion: The cylindrical EH implant presented the greatest stress level when compared to the conical IH implant.
Synonymous codon usage bias (SCUB) of coding DNA sequences of proteins in nuclear genome of 13 diploid (A, D genome) and 2 allotetraploid (AD genome) cotton species were analyzed by CodonW program. The results showed that 15 cotton species have similar base composition of codons which possess more pyrimidines (A and C) than purines (T and G) at the third codon position. Relative synonymous codon usage analyses (RSCU) found significant and highly concurrent codon usage bias among the 15 cotton species. Ninetten high frequency codons were used universally in 15 cotton species. Inconsistent with such concurrence, quite different optimal codons (ΔRSCU≧0.3) were determined among the 15 cotton species. Compared with a previous study, the nuclear genome and chloroplast genome showed similar codon composition especially at the third codon position but quite different high-frequency codons encoding 8 amino acids. ENC-plot analysis indicated that the SCUB is related to mutation and selection, in which selection plays a leading role. The relationship of the 15 cotton species revealed by cluster analysis based on RSCU value was highly consistent with their taxonomic results widely accepted, suggesting the codon usage bias pattern could reflect the relationship of different cotton species at a certain degree.
In this paper we characterize conditions for a tuple of operators satisfying the Supercyclicity Criterion.
In this study, wood-water relationships of heat-treated heartwood and sapwood of black pine were examined by testing oven-dried density, tangential swelling, radial swelling, volumetric swelling, fiber saturation point, and moisture content. Heat treatment was conducted at temperatures of 150 and 190 °C for a 4-h duration. After heat treatment, the findings showed that oven-dried density, tangential swelling, radial swelling, volumetric swelling, and the fiber saturation point of both heartwood and sapwood decreased. These properties decreased to a greater extent in heartwood than in sapwood. Conversely, the moisture content of the heartwood increased, and the maximum moisture content of sapwood decreased. It was thought that this discrepancy was due to the higher extractive content of heartwood, and this extractive content migrated to the surface of the wood, especially at the higher temperature. Thus, it was apparent that the wood-water relationships were different for heartwood and sapwood.
Background. Experimental evidence and clinical experience show that cooling protects the brain from damage during hyperthermia on stroke patients.Body temperature is directly related to stroke severity and outcome, and hyperthermia after stroke is associated with substantial increases in morbidity and mortality.\nObjective. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect cooling techniques applied to stroke patients with hyperthermia has on the hospitalization period and patient results.\nDesign of study. The study was an experimental study. \nSetting. Turkey\nParticipants and Methot.The population of the study comprised of stroke patients with hyperthermia between April 2009-March 2010. No sample selecting method was used in this study; 60 patients meeting research criteria were randomly pick among 163 stroke patients, registered as inpatients at the clinic between the dates stated above. In terms of nursing intervention, patients of the experimental group were given antipyretic and cooling techniques, while patients of the control group were only given antipyretic. A patient information form, a chart to record body temperature, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale to evaluate patient results were used to gather data. \nResults. The GOS score mean of patients treated with just antipyretic was 2.61±0.98. There was a statistically significant difference between the Glasgow Outcome Scale score mean of the control group and the Glasgow Outcome Scale score mean of the experimental group (p<0.01). \nConclusions. Study results concluded that giving antipyretic and applying cooling techniques to stroke patients with hyperthermia helped to improve patient results; however, had no effect on their hospitalization period.\nKeywords: Stroke, Hyperthermia, Cooling application, Nursing
Abstract:\nIntroduction: The Iranian medical universities offer special opportunities for talented students. If the system functions properly, talented students can play an important role as distinguished human capital in the future. \n\nThe present study aimed to identify challenges the medical universities face through the training of talented students as future human capital and also to provide some recommendations for policy-makers in this issue.\nMethod: This was an applied study conducted using a qualitative method in 2012. The respondents included clear-sighted people in Talent Offices of Iranian medical Universities. Selecting a purposive sample, we interviewed 18 persons asking some open questions concerning the challenges they faced in their job as the experts of talented students. Data were analyzed after reaching saturation, using Framework Analysis method.\nResults: The main themes as the challenges of Talent Offices were identifying talented students, students’ motivation, empowering student members of the office, policy-making for Talent Offices, organizational communications, and finally organizational resources, structure and culture.\n\nConclusion:The challenges we found were more fundamental than expected. Development of a comprehensive talented student management program in Iranian medical universities requires a systematic approach\n\nKey Words: Talented students; Education management; Universities of Medical Sciences; Medical Education; Iran
The demand of some orders for the deteriorating items are not always satisfied rapidly in practical situation. In this paper, we consider an inventory model starting with shortage for trapezoidal type demand rate. An optimal replenishment policy for the inventory model is proposed, and use several numerical examples to illustrate the solution procedure. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the parameters\ninvolved in the model is also provided to assess the solution procedure.
This paper presents the output power control of a wind energy conversion system based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator. The currents from voltage source inverter are controlled in a synchronous orthogonal dq frame using a decoupled feed-forward control. Grid synchronization is a fundamental issue in the connection of renewable energies to the grid by using power converters. The phase locked loop is a circuit synchronizing an output signal with a reference or input signal in frequency as well as in phase. Based on extensive simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink, it has been established that the performance of the controllers both in transient as well as in steady state is quite satisfactory.
Conservation and development of biodiversity is the ultimate goal of natural resources management. Biodiversity has an essential role on human survival, economics issues, stability and performance of the ecosystems. In this study, two methods of cluster analysis and two-way analysis of specific species for identification of ecosystem units have been used. 107 plant species in 130 sample plots were assigned in 6 ecosystem units. Unit 1 (Group Palliurus spin- christi Mill), Unit 2 (Group Quercus petraea), Unit 3 (Group Mespilus germanica L), Unit 4 (Group Cornus mass L), Unit 5(Group Taxus baccata L.، Carpinus betulus) and Unit 6(Group Fraxinus rotundifolia Miller). Species richness indices (Margalef and Menhinick), evenness indices (Simpson and Smith-Wilson) and diversity indices (Simpson and Shannon-Wiener) were calculated. ANOVA and Duncan\'s multiple range tests for diversity and environmental variables differences in ecosystem units were used. Fraxinus rotundifolia Miller and Palliurus spin-christi Mill units have the highest and lowest diversity respectively and the diversity between unit 1 and unit 5, also units 2 and 3 with unit 4 were not statistically significant. Altitude, ground slope percentage, aspect, slope- aspect factor and the percentage of tree cover and herbaceous cover were included in analysis. ANOVA showed significant difference between biodiversity indicators and variables. Results of multivariate discriminate analysis formed altitude, tree canopy cover percentage, Smith-Wilson’s indices of evenness and Simpson’s heterogeneity discriminate functions. Generally, prediction success of classification membership based on these variables was 83.8 %.
The notary office practice has proved that the real estate transactions have a significant influence on the revenues increase. Although the financing of many real estate projects has been affected by the current global economic crisis, the correlations between the dynamics of monthly average fees and real estate transactions must be analyzed by the managers of the notary offices from worldwide. The perception that the managers of the notary offices might have about the benefits provided by the identification of the trend of real estate transactions is essential for their activities’ development. This study intends to identify a trend model for the monthly average fees within a notary office as effects of real estate transactions. In order to do achieve our goal, we have developed and applied a longitudinal research aimed at determining the temporal evolution of these variables.
Opinion reviews posted on social networking sites are now widely used by customers and organizations for their purchase decisions. However, due to commercial importance of these reviews there is a growing trend of writing fake reviews or opinion spam to promote or defame a particular product. Now days, customers rely on on line reviews to buy products but they get disappointed when chosen products are not according to their expectation. It is thus an important task to detect opinion spam from huge volume of user reviews to ensure the credibility of opinions available on social media. This paper discusses four main problems in opinion spamming, namely, opinion spam detection, spammer detection, item spam detection, and opinion spam features; it also provides evaluation and challenges of mentioned areas.
Abstract\nIn teaching and learning environments, many methods, techniques and/or approaches are used. Among these one of them is cooperative learning. It is defined as working in the soul of a team and in the team, the members help, motivate and trust each other. This study aimed at investigating the University prep school ELT students’ attitudes towards cooperative learning. A questionnaire is given to 166 (F=100, M=66) university students whose ages are between 18-20 who are all studying at prep school and of different faculties. A questionnaire inquiring on the students’ attitudes on cooperative learning was administered. The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive analysis method. Results showed that 66,9% of the students are at the side of cooperative learning in ELT classes whereas 33,1% of them believe that if they work alone they will have better results and they think working alone is more enjoyable. A focus group was organized and the students mentioned both negative and positive sides of cooperative work. Furthermore, the findings reported that there was difference in genderin the attitudes towards cooperative learning.\nKey words: cooperative learning, individual learning, ELT classes.
Măcin Mountains National Park is located in the south-eastern part of Romania at the crossroads of biogeographical regions hosting unique flora and fauna, with numerous protected species. It is the only national park (II IUCN category) sheltering a combination of Pontic, steppe and well-preserved Submediterranean and Balkan forest ecosystems. The paper is aiming to identify and analyses the key biological indicators able to reveal the occurrence, development and spread of the main Invasive Terrestrial Plant Specie (ITPS) in the Măcin Mountains National Park with a special focus on Ailanthus altissima, considered as one of the most dangerous invasive tree species in Europe because it penetrates into natural vegetation and irreversibly changes its composition. Based on several field surveys and the scientific cross-references, the authors were able to relate significant biological indicators (abundance, frequency, ecological significance etc.) with relevant key natural (climate, hydrology, soil, geomorphology, etc.) and human-induced (transport network, build-up areas, etc.) driving forces in order to identify species preference for certain habitats.
The objective of study was to assess genetic variation pattern in tassel and ear traits for classification among Turkish maize races. Seventy-nine maize germplasm consisting of three races (flint, pop and dent) from north of Turkey were evaluated for 16 ear (6) and tassel (10) traits during using multivariate analysis collected during 2000-2004 period. The races showed a significant difference in ear and tassel traits analyzed by ANOVA. The highest positive correlations were found significantly between ear length and ear kernel number (r=0.75, p<0.01); between tassel length and ear number(r=0.75, p<0.01). The highest negative correlations were found significantly between mean distance between nodes and tassel diameter(r=-0.30, p<0.01); six ear traits revealed that ear number and ear diameter multivariate correlations covered 91.6% and ear diameter, alone, 47.6% of total variation among accessions. Eight tassel traits were revealed that tassel length and tassel diameter multivariate correlation covered 88.8% and tassel diameter, 85.1% of total variation. Totally, sixteen ear and tassel traits revealed that tassel diameter and main branch flower number multivariate correlation covered 94.8% and main branch flower number, 86.8% of total variation. The races are separated to the groups, densely. Consideration of ear traits displayed very high eigen value accounting 94.6% of total variance although tassel traits displayed low eigen value accounting 56.8% of total variance between races. Combining all ear and tassel trait had higher an eigen value accounting 74.6% of total variance. These results indicate that the first and second principal component was belonging to ear and tassel traits for Turkish maize races, respectively. The broad trait variation in the maize germplasm implies large opportunities for genetic improvement of northern Turkish maize accessions.
Abstract\nIn Iranian community where there are limitations for free sexual relations, various factors impact on committing sexual crimes such as singularity, the limitation of legitimate ways to satisfy sexual needs for singles, sexual stimulations by such media as satellite and porno movies, opportunity, family treatment and many other factors of which some reasons are investigated in present paper through a field study. Despite of cultural differences of communities and varieties in legal texts on sexual crimes, there are some shared factors that can be the origin of sexual crimes such as sexual violence, rape, incest disloyalty to wife, and so on. The population consists of 114 men in Tehran Jails who were committed sexual crimes. Other factors like victims (both male and female) and women – related factors (both criminal and victim) are not discussed. \nKeywords: sexual crimes, unchaste crimes, adultery, pederasty, relationship with opposite sex, media
