One of the most raising problems in third world countries for both government procurement process and individual shopping activities for products (as electronic device, electrical device, shirt, pants, etc.), soled as a branded product which in fact is non-genuine. The aim of this paper is to design a verification mechanism using some details of the product such as “product image, product name, serial number, secret number, etc.) and convert it into a watermark (original) using some of the watermarking techniques and then compare it with the watermark of the product to be purchase, if the correspondence is found as a result of the foresail process, this leads to genuine product. The main purpose is to protect consumers from being deception.
Developing mechanically and technologically superior products to the previous ones is possible through adequately combining of the already existing technological procedures for the materials processing. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence on hardness and wear of the high-temperature thermo-mechanical treatment (HTTMT), applied on the HS2-9-1-8 high-speed steel. Applying a thermo-mechanical treatment to the analyzed steel, has determined the improvement of the hardness and wear. In the framework of HTTMT, the plastic deformation was followed by the oil or compressed air, quenching. In the case of the oil quenching, the hardness has risen with 7% and the wear has diminished with 40%, as compared to similar characteristics of the samples that not having undergone this treatment. The hardness has risen with 9% and the wear has diminished with 75%, when quenching made in compressed air. The tests have shown that for improving the characteristics analyzed at the specified values, the deformation degree during the thermo-mechanical treatment must be between 60 and 70%. Greater hardness led to a wear diminution and, probably to a slower wear of the thereby obtained cutting tool edges, with direct implications on the metal cutting productivity.
The study investigated the anti-hyperglycemic potential of aqueous extracts of Emblica officianalis fruit, Tamarix nilotica leaf and cinnamon sticks for six weeks on sterptozotocin induced (70 mg/kg) diabetic obese rats compared to metformin as a standard drug. Six groups were administered plant extracts at two doses (200 mg/kg b.wt, 400mg/kg b.wt) with two groups as the positive and negative controls. Blood glucose, body weights, cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine levels were assessed. All plant extracts doses; significantly (p≤0.001) reduced blood glucose levels among diabetic rats in the fifth and sixth weeks except the group treated with the lower dose of cinnamon. Body weights significantly increased during the fourth, fifth and sixth weeks, being more pronounced in the plant treated diabetic groups compared to the diabetic control and metformin group. Furthermore, all doses showed significant decrease (p≥0.05) in serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and levels compared to the metformin, however, there was no significant serum creatinine effect. The anti-diabetic potential of the plant extracts used was dose-independent and there was no significant difference observed within the plant treated groups. However, all the plant extract used proved better than metformin. This suggests a marked anti-diabetic potential of the plant extracts attributed to their polyphenolic constituents. \n\n\nKeywords: Phyto-compounds, diabetes, obesity, metformin
Citrate, potassium, and calcium levels in Viburnum opulus (V. opulus) and lemon juice was compared to evaluate the usability of V. opulus in mild to moderate level hypocitraturic stone disease.\nV. opulus and lemon fruits were squeezed in a blender and 10 samples of each of 100 ml were prepared. Citrate, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and pH levels in these samples were examined.\nPotassium was found to be statistically significantly higher in V. opulus than that in lemon juice (p:0.006) whereas sodium (p:0.004) and calcium (p:0.008) were found to be lower. There was no difference between them in terms of the amount of magnesium and citrate.\nBecause V. opulus contains citrate as high as lemon juice does and it is a potassium-rich and calcium- and sodium-poor liquid, it can be an alternative to pharmaceutical treatment in mild-to-moderate degree hypocitraturic stone patients. Supporting these findings with clinical studies will be useful.
The aim of the present study was to identify the efficiency of using prostaglandins for farrowing induction in a swine reproduction farm, where the working schedule was of 8 hours/day, 7 days/week. The influence of prostaglandin usage on prolificacy and stillborns was researched.\nThe average number of total pigs born was 12.40±1.45/sow for the experimental group and 12.59±2.44 pigs/sow for the control group. Prolificacy was 10.73±1.51 pigs/sow for the experimental group and 11.23±0.46 pigs/sow for the control group. This was 0.50 pigs more for the experimental group (t test: p < 0.05).\nThe results show that administration of prostaglandins to induce farrowing it is not sufficient, unless the farrowing will take place during working hours, when the sows can be supervised; this because prostaglandins cause an increased respiratory frequency and the animals become more agitated.
The benthic crustaceans have spatial distribution that is not random under natural conditions, this mean that these species can have a determined pattern such as associated or uniform. The aim of the present study was determine the non random properties in two inland water malacostracan species in freshwater crab Aegla cholchol (Jara & Palacios, 1999) from Cautin river, and the amphipod Hyalella patagonica (Cunningham, 1871) from Quillelhue lake (38° S, Araucania Region, Chile) and Puerto Williams (54°S) . The data revealed that both species have not random distribution, and these have an associated pattern, and both have negative binomial distribution. These results agree with similar observations for other inland water benthic species.\nKeywords: malacostracan, randonmess negative binomial distribution, spatial distribution.
In a changing social environment, various voices are beginning to express the need for education for citizenship, as a commitment to equality of rights and duties, social cohesion, shared responsibilities and so forth. The characteristics of current society and the interest about citizenship education in the context of lifelong learning are essential to a study that aims to describe and understand the development of social and civic competence in the educational field. This paper focuses on one of competences that make up the model of new European citizens (E.U., 2006), a competence that has resulted, in Spanish context, important reactions and questions, especially regarding the realization of subject Citizenship Education. But what does this competence mean? what do elements make up it? Authors addressed through a literature review (rules, regulations, theoretical) and a delphi study, the conceptualization of a glossary that identifies and concrete it. So, this paper shows a proposal in which the social and civic competence is composed of 89 items organized into five areas: knowledge, skills, attitudes, values and behaviors.
Sichel Pelecus cultratus (L.) is the only representative of fish similar to flying tropical fish that lives in Poland. In recent years, populations of this species in coastal bays of the Baltic Sea have decreased dramatically. Similar changes have also been reported in waters of other countries in Europe. According to the IUCN/WCU classification, sichel is considered to be endangered (EN). It reproduces naturally in rivers and flow into coastal lagoons or in lagoons, and pelagic eggs are carried by a water current. During this period, eggs, embryos and yolk sac larvae are highly vulnerable to adverse environmental conditions.\nIn order to restore the local population of sichel, research on development of technologies of reproduction under controlled conditions using hormonal stimulation with hCG, CPH, Ovopel and Ovaprim has been carried out. Injections were performed as single doses of the preparations. Twelve hours after the last injection, the spawners were checked. Milt for egg fertilization originated from 5 males. The study shows that spawners are very sensitive to any kind of manipulation and therefore the number of hormonl injections should be the lowest possible to reduce stress. In the study reported in this paper, best results were obtained after application of Ovopel.
