The model proposed for measuring throughput of a Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) integrating the sliding window algorithm with a single server finite queuing model, referred to as Integrated Model (IM)[6], is nearer to the rea-llife situation as it considered the waiting times of call set up requests. However, in the real-life situation, a MSC can process call setup requests concurrently. Hence, it is more realistic to integrate the sliding window algorithm with a multiple channel finite queuing model for measuring the throughput of a MSC. This study proposes such a model. The proposed model is validated using a simulation model developed for that purpose.
In any surface mine, blasting is one of the most important mining operation where explosives in large quantities are being used for fragmenting the in-situ rock mass. It is well established that during blasting only a part of the explosive energy is being used in doing the useful work, the rest is wasted toward unwanted work such as ground vibration, fly rocks, noise and air blast. These nuisances are the major apprehension for mine operators and associates. Ground vibrations can be measured by state of art instruments and can be rectified but still it is very difficult to predict the fly rock. The fly rock is responsible for human injuries and property damage. Statistical data reported by various mining agencies reveals that fly rock accounts major contribution in blasting-related accidents in surface mines. \nFly rock is a critical issue in mining industry which drawn attention and concern for safety, environment and health perspective in and around mines area. It becomes very important to learn the causes for generation of fly rock and the mitigation measures. This paper deals with causes of fly rock and precautions to be taken to control them.
ABSTRACT\n\nMaterial: the present study was conducted on 82 cases of invasive breast carcinoma that where operated on using conservative surgical techniques in The Surgical department of The University Hospital C.F Craiova. 11 of this 82 cases had recurrent carcinoma at follow-up following conservative breast surgery.\nMethods: All these cases were immunohistochemically analysed using LSAB/HPS technique, studying the immuno-marking for HER 2 –neu and for the 2 hormonal receptors (ER and PR). In all cases that were found to be HER 2 + or ambivalent we have used the CISH technique.\nResults: Following the IHC analyses all cases were grouped in 4 classic distinct phenotypes based on the presence of hormonal receptors (ER+/PR+, ER-/PR-, ER+/PR- and ER-/PR+ phenotypes). Following this these phenotypes were correlated with the HER2 neu status, histology and stage of malignancy at the time of diagnosis. We found that the absence of PR receptors was strongly linked with the HER 2 stats, determined though IHC (p=0,034), while the absence of receptors for ER did not have the same strong link. The cases that were HER 2 negative, at the CSIH examination, were typical for the ER+/PR+ phenotype, whilst the HER2 positive malignancies were characteristic for the ER+/PR- phenotype, the link being statistically significant (p=0,00074). Also tumours that were ER+/PR- were associated in a statistically significant proportion (p=0,004) with high histological grading (G3).\nHER2 positive tumours (determined after IHC and CISH analyses) were significantly linked with G3 degree of differentiation (p=0,028) but were not correlated with the clinical stage at time of diagnosis.\nIpsilateral recurrences of the tumours were linked, statistically significant with the absence of the oestrogen receptors (P=0,013), with the absence of progesterone receptors (p=0.037) and with the phenotype that was negative for both these hormonal receptors (p=0,0028).\nAlso these cases, with ipsilateral recurrences, were mainly the HER2 positive status (but with no significant correlation).\nConclusions: HER2 negative breast tumours are characteristic to the ER+/PR+ phenotype, whilst HER2+ tumours are characteristic to ER+/PR- phenotype.\nTumours with high histological grading (G3) are tumours lacking in progesterone receptors.\nIpsilateral recurrences of the tumour are significantly associated with the absence of hormonal receptors and HER2 neu positive status\nKey Words: infiltrative breast carcinoma, conservative surgery, immunohistochemistry, tumour reoccurrences.
Coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix) has become a serious phytosanitary trouble of coffee crop around the world; therefore, it is important to look and promote new alternatives to handle the disease, also to find other compounds friendly to the environment and used as a complement to integrated handling programs. The aim of this project was to evaluate the potential of alternative substances on uredospores’ mycelium germination of the coffee rust in vitro. We use a liquid detergent, foliar ethanolic extract of Piper aduncum L, colloidal silver and copper in different concentrations. The effectiveness index was measured as a result a damage to uredospores (15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) and the inhibition of its germination of the mycelium (24, 48 and 72 hours) besides its persistence in time (25, 30, and 45 days). The most efficient treatments are those related to detergent in all its doses, LD3 = 85 %, LD2 = 85 % and LD = 83 %; and the highest concentrations of Piper aduncum, EL2 = 7 6 %, EL3 = 76 %; as well as colloidal copper, C3 = 76 %; all of them were above the commercial sample, copper oxychloride = 68 %. These substances are potentially capable of reducing uredospores’ mycelium germination in laboratory conditions. This study proved a new strategy to biological control on phytopathogenic fungi in the future.
The stores insects may cause damage and major economic loss of stored grain and products. Granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius) comes on top of these insects that attack the grain, especially wheat grains. These insects associated with wheat grains and have effects on flour components and quality also its damage extends to increase the fungal infection as well as mycotoxin. Lots of hard wheat grains infested by Sitophilus granarius with different ratio of insects (3, 6 and 12 per kilogram) of wheat and stored in plastic containers for 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks at room temperature and 70±5% relative humidity. The number of insects, larva and pupa were calculated visually. The content of aflatoxins and ochratoxin were determined with ELISA assay and protein content was determined by Kjeldahl while, α amylase was determined by falling number assay. The kernel weight decreased from 39.2% in zero-time to 37.1% after 12 weeks while, the protein content increased to arrive from 11.2 % to 12.6% after same period and there was conversely decreasing in both gluten percentage and α amylase activity. Wheat weevil greatly affect the quality specifications of wheat flour, which effect on the quality of the baked goods as it affects the rheological and manufacturing properties through a direct impact on protein content, percentage of gluten and also alpha amylase. In addition it affects the safety of baked goods where there is a direct correlation between the increase in infestation rates and increasing of aflatoxins and ochratoxin accumulation.
Boiler unit is functioning equipment converts water into steam in the temperature and pressure set point. Activities of the process contain a potential hazard. One of the causes of the danger is the human factor and the failure of the instrument. Analysis was performed on humans who contribute to the failure of the instrument. By utilizing historical data plus the observation instrument maintenance and workers through questionnaires, the values; Mean Time to Failure (MTTF), failure rate, and Probability Failure on Demand (PFD) for each instrument can be known. The correlation between the two variables can be aproach with regression method, in which the human factor and the failure of the instrument is represented by the value of the PFD.\nIt is known that the failure of the instrument is affected by internal and external factors on the performance of the operator. Internal factors include; confidence, attention, problem solving skills, work under pressure, negligence, and stress due to work piling up. External factors include; information and standards provided by the company (procedures), education and training, communication, time, and evaluation of instrument failure on boiler equipment. Correlation deviation caused by the human factor to the failure of the instrument indicated by the value of the measurement uncertainty (?). The most dominant factor of the factor to the failure of the instrument boiler operator is the task load of stress that has the smallest value of ? among other factors = 0.087. This is consistent with the internal factors ? its value is smaller than other external factors with the value of ? = 0.095.\n\nKeywords: Boilers, Human Factors, Failure Instrument, Safety
