Bayesian network is a powerful mathematical tool for doing diagnosis and assessment tasks. Parameter learning in Bayesian network is complicated study but I discover that parameter learning becomes easy in some situations. Especially, when Bayesian network is weighted graph and its child node is aggregation of mutually independent parent nodes, there is a simple way to specify conditional probability tables which are parameters of Bayesian network. In this research, I propose and prove the theorem of SIGMA-gate inference which is the fundamental of such simple way helping us to transform weighted graph into Bayesian network.
In the present study, the mechanical properties of sintered Fe-3Cu material of different parameters were determined, using numerical analysis of micro-tomography. Micro-CT images acquired from sintered samples at different times, were modeled using the finite element method and were subjected to a tensile test. From the results, it was established that preheating prior to sintering of the internal structure of samples had a positive impact on regular pore formation. However, it was noted that the plasticity and toughness of the samples depended on porosity and load boundary conditions.\n\nKeywords: Powder Metallurgy, Sintering, Micro Computed Tomography, Numeric Analyzing
A novel nanostructured catalyst for cyclohexene oxidation by H2O2 and also as an artificial superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme was obtained by immobilization of a CuII complex with a Schiff base ligand derived from 2-(3-bromopropoxy) benzaldehyde and 2-aminobenzoic acid. Mesoporous SBA-15 silica was synthesized and functionalized with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) by a post-synthesis method and used afterwards for the covalent grafting of the copper complex. The physical-chemical properties of the catalysts were investigated by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, FTIR, XPS and TGA analyses. We present evidence that the properties of the CuII based complexes and the specific properties of the SBA-15 mesoporous support both beneficially contributed to establish the efficiency either of alkene catalytic oxidation or of the superoxide radical dismutation. The best results for cyclohexene oxidation were 75% conversion, 45% selectivity for 2-cyclohexen-1-ol and an initial turnover frequency of 130 h-1. The leaching effect of copper was not observed and cyclohexene oxidation yields could be maintained during five cycles. Furthermore, this new hybrid material was proved to be an efficient biomimetic catalyst.
The present study was performed in the laboratory to demonstrate the effect of products stored under ambient conditions and attacked by pests (insects, mites and fungi) on human and animal health.The tests are carried out on mice and were the subject of two types of analysis that are hepato-somatic indices and histological sections performed on the liver and kidneys of these mice. The results obtained show that the toxins released by the fungi have a serious impact on animal health. Pathological abnormalities in the liver and kidney were recorded.
In the Algerian coastline, storms that cause sea level peaks are responsible of ?flooding and submersions of coastal areas and can have disastrous consequences ?on those areas. Atmospheric conditions associated with these events are isolated at ?different spatio-?temporal scales: at Algerian coastline scale, at synoptic scale and ?at scale of the North ?Atlantic Oscillation and that of the Arctic. At local and ?synoptic scales storms are the impacts of relatively strong and persistent ?northwestern winds that develops when a synoptic depression passes around the ?Bay of Biscay. Winds frequency is associated with positive phases of the two ?climate variability modes. During the second half of the 20th century, the ?northwesterly winds frequency is significantly increases throughout the Algerian ?coast. Changes in average conditions of climate variability modes have ?progressively altered synoptic atmospheric circulation and increased the risk of ?strong winds throughout the Algerian coastline.?\nKeywords: Algerian coastline, Strong winds, Storms, Climate variability, Spatio-?temporal scales?
Knowledge management has become an important strategic practice for educational institutions that helps them to gain a competitive advantage. This paper has written with the purpose to identify the information technology (IT) barriers in general and particularly in knowledge management (KM) that are practicing in Saudi Universities. The paper also discusses the importance of KM for the educational institutions. The list of knowledge sharing barriers provides a guideline for senior management of Saudi universities to review their existing practices with a view to identifying bottle necks in their current KM practices so that barriers could be identifies and removed in order to improve the overall effectiveness of knowledge sharing activities.
The objective of the study was to determine effect of high-protein dairy product enriched with calcium and vitamin D in different doses on mineral metabolism in laboratory animals during pregnancy. The timeliness of pregnant woman and newborn children hypovitaminosis D prophylaxis is proved. The influence of high-protein dairy product enriched with calcium and vitamin D in different doses on mineral metabolism in laboratory animals during pregnancy is studied. The influence of vitamin D doses on calcium-phosphorus metabolism and biochemical parameters of female rats blood is determined. X-ray images of the femur cross section of pregnant rats of control and experimental groups are obtained.
ABSTRACT: \nPurpose: Ankadaferd blood stopper (ABS) is a medical product that its anti-microbial, anti-inflamatory, anti-thrombin, anti-platelet, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-oxidants effects had been determined nowadays.\n The present study is aimed to evaluate the effects of ABS on 8-hydroxy-2ˈ-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels over pleural adhesions in rabbits with pulmonary parenchymal damage.\nMaterials and Methods: 14 New Zelland species rabbits were divided in two groups such as control (n=7) and study group (n=7). In both groups, we performed wedge resections in equal size to the left lower lobes of all rabbits. No interventions were made on control group, whereas 5 puff’s (1 cc) ABS was performed to the resection area at study group. Tube thoracostomy that performed both groups were terminated postoperatively at 6th hour after drainage and air leakages follow up. Rabbits were sacrificed with anesthetics at postoperative 8th day. Lung tissues were collected for analyzing of 8-OHdG, SOD, MPO.\nResults: 8-OHdG levels were respectively 2.01±0.39, 0.38±0.12 ng/ml in control group and study group (p<0.001). SOD and MPO levels did not show any important differences between the groups.\n Conclusion: We implied that ABS reduced 8-OHdG levels that may mean oxidative DNA damage prevented by ABS.
Objective: By using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) we aimed to identify neurochemical alterations occurring in manic, euthymic, and depressed mood states of bipolar disorder (BD). \nMethod: The measured metabolites included N acetylaspartate (NAA), phosphocreatine plus creatine (Cr), phosphorylcholine plus glycerophospocholine (GPC+PC), myo-inositol (mI), and glutamate plus glutamine (Glu+Gln), which were quantified both as absolute values and metabolite/Cr ratios. 19 severely manic patients were first scanned at the completion of an acute mania trial, and longitudinally followed-up and rescanned at the achievement of eight weeks euthymia. \nResults: As revealed by paired comparisons bipolar patients in their manic state had lower Glu+Gln/Cr ratios compared to their euthymic state in the right frontal lobe (tdf=4= –3.66, p= 0.022). Initially placebo–treated bipolar subjects were found to have lower right frontal NAA levels in their euthymic state relative to the healthy controls (tdf=14= 2.68, p= 0.018). Bipolar patients with initial psychotic symptoms in their euthymic state had higher right frontal mI levels than the healthy controls (tdf=17= 2.17, p= 0.045).\nConclusions: Longitudinal 1H MRS studies hold considerable potential to delineate chemical alterations characterizing BD and/or mania and can be completed by transient induction of sedation. Given the exploratory nature and small number of subjects the reported findings should be judged as preliminary.
Background and objectives: Exercise intolerance and higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes predict poor prognosis in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Heart failure (HF) is characterized by ongoing inflammation mediated by proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. The studies demonstrated that increased C-reactive protein (CRP) level or decreased lymphocytes level is associated with poor functional capacity in patients HFrEF. However no data exists about the association between CRP/lymphocyte ratio and functional capacity in patients with stable HF. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between functional status and CRP/lymphocyte ratio in outpatients with HFrEF.\nMethods: A total of 246 consecutive patients with HFrEF diagnosis for at least 6 months duration who were admitted to outpatient cardiology clinic, were included in this prospective study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to NYHA class: NYHA class I-II (group 1) and NYHA class II-IV (group 2). \nResults: The mean age of patients was 43±11 years. CRP value was statistically higher, and lymphocyte level was statistically lower in NHYA III-IV group. Furthermore, the median CRP/lymphocyte ratio (0.8 vs 0.2, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in NHYA III-IV group as compared to NYHA I-II group. In multivariate logistic regression model, CRP/lymphocyte ratio (OR: 1.393, 95% CI: 1.080-1.798, p=0.011), hemoglobin level (OR: 0.809, 95% CI: 0.659-0.992, p=0.042), LVEF (OR: 0.872, 95% CI: 0.805-0.945, p=0.001), and digoxin usage (OR: 2.488, 95% CI: 1.132-5.647, p=0.023) were remained associated with poor NYHA functional class in HFrEF outpatients.\nConclusion: We demonstrated that CRP/lymphocyte ratio was strongly associated with poor NYHA functional capacity, independently from coronary heart disease risk factors in stable HFrEF outpatients.\nKey words: CRP/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, Lymphocytopenia, HErEF, NYHA functional capacity
Background and Aim: The perioperative use of antithrombotic therapy is associated with increased bleeding risk after cardiac implantable electronic device(CIED) implantation. The incidence of bleeding risk is less known with new oral anticoagulants (NOAC). Topical application of tranexamic acid (TXA) is effective in reducing of bleeding in various surgical operations. However, there are no information regarding TXA application during CIED procedures. The purpose of our study was to evaluate major bleeding complication rates in different NOAC strategies during CIED implantation with topical TXA application.\n\nMethods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing CIED implantation while on NOAC treatment. Major bleeding defined as any bleeding leading to transfusion, surgical intervention for pocket evacuation or revision, pericardial effusion, hemothorax, or life-threatening bleed. Thromboembolic events were defined as transient ischemic attack, stroke, myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism within 90 days of procedure.\n\nResults: A total of 43 consecutive patients were identified and included in the present analyses. The mean age was 59±9 years. Twenty three patients were on dabigatran treatment and 21 patients were treated with direct factor Xa inhibitors (17 patients with rivaroxaban and 4 patients with apixaban). NOAC was perioperatively uninterrupted in 11 patients. Concomitant antiplatelet treatment was present in half of the study population. The major bleeding complications occurred in 2 (4.7%) patients with uninterrupted rivaroxaban plus dual antiplatelet treatment (One required surgical evacuation). No major bleeding complications were recorded in interrupted NOAC group with or without concomitant antiplatelet therapy. No thromboembolic complications were occurred in the study group perioperatively and 90 days after the procedure.\n\nConclusions: Bleeding and thromboembolic complications in patients treated with NOAC or NOAC plus antiplatelet are rare in CIED procedures with topical TXA application. Further and larger studies are needed to define optimal NOAC management during CIED implantation and to test the effectiveness of topical TXA application. \n\nKey words: Cardiac electronic device, implantation procedure, new oral anticoagulants, tranexamic acid, major bleeding complications
This work was carried out for two years (2013 and 2014) on some biology aspects of Pollinia pollini Costa, 1828 ; olive bioagressor in Guerouaou (36 ° 31 \' N, 2 ° 53\' E) in the plain of the Mitidja . The study revealed that the globular mealybug is bivoltine with imaginal hibernation. The specie is more active in spring and summer when conditions are favorable because the population of the cochineal achieved 38%, all stages mingled. She affected, also, the most sun-exposed areas, that is, the South (33%) and East (29%) of the tree. On the other hand it average fertility is very low, witch not exceeding 4 eggs / female, in the best conditions.
Five different varieties of propolis from four sites from Sétif region (East of Algeria) (Babor, Setif; Ain-Abbassa and El-Hamma), and one site from the center of Algeria (Tizi-Ouzou) were chemically analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. One hundred and two compounds were identified including aromatic acids, linear hydrocarbons and their acids, terpenes and alcaloïdes. Furthermore, the in vitro bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of the aqueous extracts were evaluated against one Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, used as probiotics in aquaculture) and two Gram negative (Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio harveyi, pathogenic for fish) bacteria. The obtained results showed that all aqueous extracts of propolis inhibit the growth of B. subtilis while the growth inhibition of fish pathogens was achieved when using higher propolis concentrations. These antibacterial properties would warrant further studies on the clinical applications of propolis in aquaculture field.
Nowadays, the most common disease among the women is the breast cancer that is leading t o the death. Recently, Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) is entering rapidly in the radiology mainstream and has chosen as a part of routine in clinic for the purpose of breast cancer detection with mammograms. The paper focuses on the breast cancer detection in mammogram images. Breast cancer is a nothing but malignant tumor that starts growing in the breast cells. Adaptive k-means clustering is used to detect this tumor. The different types of the breast cancer identified are benign, malignant and normal. These are identified by the CSLBP, DOG and Zernike moment features. The SVM classifier is used for classifying the type of the breast cancer. The proposed method was experimented on the mini-MIAS database number of images tested were 93. This method achieved 91.11% of accuracy
This study attempted to examine the gastric evacuation process in clownfish fed on artificial diets in laboratory condition. 60 fish were fed till satiation after being deprived from food for 72 hours. Model of satiation meal were initiated to predict the maximum food intake for fishes of various sizes. The gastric emptying time was estimated using the X-radiography technique, where fish were fed pellets incorporated with barium sulphate as the inert marker. Serial slaughter was carried out alongside, but with fishes fed with untampered pellets in order to determine the stomach content after time since feeding. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the adequacy of gastric evacuation models in describing the decrease in stomach content with time after feeding. Results showed that total gastric emptying time was 36 hours. The relationship between satiation of meal size and body weight was found to be close to a linear relationship (b=1.28). Gastric evacuation rates followed a curve with the rate of 0.0165g hr-1and maximum meal size of 0.17g. Two models (as described by Grove and Andersen) were considered in the present work to describe the gastric evacuation. Both models proved to be suitable; however Grove’s model provided a better fit for the data with higher r2 value (0.8). The data obtained from this study would be useful for the better management of culturing of this fascinating fish species.
An experimental periodic arrangement of refractive index generated by the Bi12TiO20 photorefractive crystal is presented. The initial condition has been generated by superposing two linearly polarized He-Ne laser beams in a perpendicular direction to the external field applied to the crystal at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. The band diagrams generated with this arrangement have been analyzed based on the similarities displayed by the periodic refractive index with the photonic bandgap (PBG) diagrams of one-dimensional superlattices composed of alternating layers of two distinct materials.
Abstract\nObjective: Cardiovascular events have increased in polycyctic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including atrial and ventriculer tachyarryhthmias. Previous studies have showed the prolonged P wave dispersion (Pd) and QT dispersion (QTd) in patients with PCOS. The Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio new ventriculer arrhythmias indexes. We purposed to evelation this indexes in patients with PCOS.\nMethods: Our study included 42 patients (mean age: 28 years) with PCOS and 40 healthy (mean age: 24 years) volunteers. Diagnosis of PCOS was established wiht the Rotterdam criteria in the presence of at least two of the following three features: oligo or anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. The Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio were measured from the 12-lead electrocardiogram. These parameters were compared between groups.\nResults: The Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio were significantly higher in the PCOS patients with than those in the control subjects (Tp-e interval: 91 ± 11 milliseconds [ms] vs 78 ± 5 ms, P < 0.001, Tp-e/QT: 0.24 ± 0.02 vs 0.20 ± 0.01, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that the prolonged Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio were independent predictor factors for PCOS. \nConclusion: Our study showed that the Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio may be used to assesment of cardiovasculer arrythmias events for PCOS patients.
Our study was carried out at level of Dam of Cheffia, located in East of Algeria, due to the catastrophic failure, which had faced in 1989/1990, and of its redundancy in 2001/2002 and of the fact being one the rare dams in Algeria to reply to a management with multiple objectives. An optimal operating policy has been established relating to this study area which records heavy rainfall variations from year to another and where drought years become more and more frequent. Indeed, analyse of data collected at level of the reservoir is essential, before starting the implementation procedures allowing to exercise a better control on the productive process, as well as the organisation of a satisfactory responsiveness in case of important disruption.\nThe main objective of this work has been focused on finding the optimal operating policy for the multipurpose reservoir of Cheffia. The model based on genetic algorithm was developed to determine the total optimal monthly allocations of the three sectors which are, drinking water supply (DWS), industrial water supply (IWS) and irrigation, while guaranteeing a minimum volume in the reservoir.\nKeys words: Optimisation, water resource, genetic algorithm, multipurpose reservoir. Operating policy
The group III nitrides (BN, AlN, GaN and InN) represent an important class of semiconductors because of their direct band gaps which extend from near infrared into the visible and up to the ultra-violet wavelength range. These materials are playing an increasingly important role in the development of commercially viable microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. The present work deals with the theoretical investigation of phonon properties of BN, AlN, GaN and InN in wurtzite phase. The lattice dynamical calculations have been made by using de Launey angular force (DAF) constant model. The zone centre phonons, phonon dispersion along high symmetric directions and phonon density of states for these nitrides have been calculated and analyzed with the available experimental and theoretical results.
This paper correlated specific energy and drilling rate while some selected drill parameters are varied. Selected drill parameters were recorded while drilling operation was in progress selected rocks. Weight on bit and specific energy were determined using empirical equations developed by researchers. Also, the drilling rate was measured while varying (weight on bit, torque, rotational speed and feed force) as drilling progresses. The results of specific energy and drilling rate were correlated to determine the degree of relation existing between two parameters. The results revealed that specific energy varied from 0.90 MJ/m3 for lower banded gneiss to 0.78 MJ/m3 for both marble/quartzite and upper marble. The maximum drilling rate varied from 23.75 – 31.84 m/hr, 23.82 – 62.41 m/hr and 31.95 – 33.03 m/hr at varied weight on bit, rotational speed and feed force for the selected rock respectively. The drill improved greatly on upper marble when the rotational speed was varied. The best drilling rate was achieved on lower banded gneiss while increasing the feed force and this could mean that drill will perform better on competent rock when the feed force is increased up to optimum level. The degree of correlation between specific energy was negligible when weight on bit is varied and weak for varying rotational speed.
On the basis of the behavior of cavity roosting bats living in Bia{\\l}owie\\.{z}a Forest located in Poland, a mathematical model of their searching strategies is presented. A dynamical system describing a way of finding tree cavities, appropriate for a certain species of bats, consists of two nonlinear difference recursive equations. In the paper, stability of stationary solutions of the considered system is examined. Two attractors are tree cavities that are inhabited by animals, while a repulser is an unoccupied cavity. Presented results are illustrated by computer simulations.
High level of discretionary or abnormal accruals which is a proxy of earnings management is an issue that receives considerable critical attention around the world. Recently, the Malaysian Institute of Accountant’s Financial Statements Review Committee indicates that there are common errors made in the audited financial statements in Malaysia which suggests that earnings management in Malaysia is widespread. The main objective in this study is to investigate the association between audit quality and former auditor in audit committee on the level of discretionary accruals in Malaysian public listed firms. \n\nTwo measurements, namely Ashbough et al. (2003) model and Modified Jones model developed by Dechow et al. (1995), are used to estimate the level of discretionary accruals. Our sample consists of 525 companies listed on Bursa Malaysia for financial year 2009. The results suggest former auditors in audit committee reduce discretionary accruals. However, other characteristics of audit committee are not significant related with earnings management. The study does not examine the association board of director attributes and other external audit characteristics such as industry specialist on the level of discretionary accruals.
Extract of lavender (Lavandula dentate) plant leaves at different concentrations was used to evaluate the allelopathic potential on the seed germination, growth and metabolic activity of some crop plants e.g. tomato \"Lycopersicum esculentum family Solanaceae, cucumber \"Cucumis sativus\" family: Cucurbitaceae and wheat \" Triticum aestivum \" Family Poaceae grown for two weeks in petri dishes under controlled conditions. The aqueous leaf extract of Lavandula dentate reduced the germination percentage of the three tested plants and the reduction was proportional to its concentration. The growth criteria represented as radical, plumule lengths, fresh and dry weights were stimulated at low level of leaf extract, whereas the high levels obviously inhibited the lengths of radicals and plumuls. The photosynthetic pigments Chl a, Chl b and carotenoidsOf the tested plants were significantly affected with lavender extract especially at the high levels. The carbohydrates and protein content of the tested plants were reduced obviously especially at the higher doses of Lavender extracts. The present study provides the evidence of Lavandula dentate have allelopathic potential. It is also suggested that crop plants like Lycopersicum esculentum, Cucumis sativus and Triticum aestivum should not be planted close to Lavandula dentate due to adverse effects on their growth.
During the 2010/2011 season a study was made of the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in pears cultivars Abate Fetel, Forelle and Packham’s Triumph, from two commercial orchards in the 6th Region of Chile, in different tree development stage and three month of conventional cold storage, on maturity index, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and TBARS.\nIn 2013/2014 season the study of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity is repeated in the same cultivars, but five cultivars were added Red sensation, Beurre bosc, Hosui, Conference and D’Anjou.\nThe results indicate that phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity present a decrease as the fruit harvest approaches; while the phenolic compounds increases during fruit growth.\nDuring storage, the three cultivars showed higher lipid peroxidation in the flesh that peel, with significant results.\nThe variation of lipid peroxidation between harvest and storage, in cultivars Abate Fetel and Packham’s Triumph increases, while cultivar Forelle decreases during storage period.\nDuring storage there is no effect on soluble solids, while firmness all the cultivars show a decrease and in ethylene an increase.\nThe results obtained in two seasons confirm that peel always presents more phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity that flesh, situation that is maintained during cold storage.\n\nKeywords: Pear Pyrus, phenolic compounds, antioxidants, conventional cold storage, ORAC, peel, flesh.
