Using Laplace transform method, the exact solutions for the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a Newtonian fluid in a porous medium are obtained. The flows are induced due to the constantly accelerated and oscillating boundary. The expressions for the velocity and shear stress fields are determined. The derived steady-state and transient solutions satisfy the governing equations and associated initial and boundary conditions. Velocity and shear stress are plotted and discussed.
In this paper, powers of (\\alpha,\\beta ) - normal composition operators on\nL2 space and its weighted powers on L2 space are characterized and some of\nits properties are studied.
In this paper, we have investigated Practical stability, Lagrange stability, Strict stability and boundedness of fuzzy control differential equations via Lyapunov - like functions.
The purpose of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of either Egyptian propolis or low intensity laser therapy in treating second degree burn wound. Thirty male albino rats were participated in this study for a treatment period of 20 days. They were randomly subdivided into three groups. Rats in the first group had been treated with physiological saline solution (0.9 % NaCl) daily and served as control group. While rats in 2nd, and 3rd groups received Egyptian propolis, low intensity laser therap. Burn surface area and the total number of mast cells were used to measure the outcomes at different time interval. Results showed that a significant reduction in both burn surface area and mast cell number in both treatment groups compared to control group. On day 20 both treatment group showed significant decrease in burn surface area and a significant increase in mast cell number when compared to control group but there was no significant difference between both treatment groups. It could be concluded that either propolis or low intensity laser therapy is considered a unique treatment of second degree burn wound.
In this paper, the interfacing of a Wind-Solar hybrid model is used for a Stand-Alone application. The hybrid model is mathematically modeled for Self Excited Induction Generator (SEIG) and Solar PV Panel. The hybrid system is used to drive an Induction Motor through an Impedence Source Inverter (ZSI) which is controlled using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). The SVPWM is also mathematically modeled to perform effectively. The hybrid modeled used is mathematically designed to provide an output power of 3kW. The Three Phase Induction Motor is mathematically modeled for a rated speed of 1500rpm. The Impedence Source Inverter is the most desired inverter which eliminates the shoot-through problem so used as a bridge between the Hybrid model and the Load. The effectiveness and the performance of the system are analyzed and the efficiency of the system obtained is close to 95%. The model has been coded and simulated through MATLAB/SIMULINK 7.10 for the various components and the results are discussed.
Valve closure in a system of piping creates high and low pressure waves which travel along the system and decay as a result of wall shear stress. Comparison of experimental and theoretical results revealed the failure of steady or quasi-steady models in correctly predicting the damping process of the pressure waves. The aims of this paper are to increase the number of available velocity profiles and to give a contribution to the understanding of transient flow dynamics. With this purpose, experimental measurements by Ultrasonic Pulsed Doppler Velocimetry of the velocity field for water hammer transients in a long polyethylene pipe, caused by a downstream sudden valve closure. Velocity data are analyzed and compare with results obtained by other authors
This article deals with an advanced method for face authentication and verification system for various face expression and caricature images which can authenticate the person with prominent recognition time and recognition rate. The proposed method uses various stages, namely edge detection, background elimination, pre-processing, feature extraction and recognition. In general the background of any image will affect the recognition system, as the algorithm takes the complete image information including the background, thereby increasing the False Acceptance Rate (FAR) to a greater extent which in turn affects the accuracy of the system. In order to achieve higher accuracy rate the proposed system initially eliminates the background of the image. In the pre-processing stage the histogram equalization, FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), adaptive thresholding and binarization were done to obtain an enhanced image after removing the noise. In the third stage, image segmentation is done to estimate the block direction using the linear square approximation and to extract the Region of Interest (ROI) by the morphological thinning operations. Finally the bits of query and the template images are counted and matched. By carefully setting a threshold value the recognition and verification is carried out.
This study examined the effects of temperature and cadmium (Cd) stresses, alone or in combination, on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Dağdaş and ES-14) seedlings. High concentrations of Cd, especially when combined with high temperatures, resulted in an inhibition of root and shoot growth. In seedlings grown under two different temperature schemes (24/16 °C and 40/30 °C day/night) and treated with different Cd concentrations, catalase (CAT) activities were found to be associated with changes in root and shoot growth rates. In addition, the levels of free proline and soluble phenolic components varied in response to treatment, as did levels of glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). CAT, GR and APX enzyme activities increased in parallel with an increase in temperature and Cd concentration in both wheat varieties. While the concentration of free proline increased in the Dağdaş variety treated with 75 µM Cd and high temperature, the concentration of free proline decreased in the ES-14 variety, and the concentration of soluble phenolics significantly decreased in ES-14 grown under similar conditions. The ES-14 variety is therefore more sensitive to temperature and oxygen stress than the Dağdaş variety. Furthermore, high temperature enhanced the toxic effects of Cd.
Nutrition is closely related with mortality and morbidity among the elderly. This study was designed and performed to determine nutritional status of people aged 65 and over. The study sample was consisted of 549 subjects aged over 65 (250 men and 299 women) who live in Ankara, Turkey. Dietary intakes were obtained using a 24-hour recall method. Afterwards, energy and nutrient intake of the participants were compared to the Turkish Dietary Guidelines. Daily energy intake was 1653.3±596.7 kcal in elderly men and 1614.1±612.7 kcal in elderly women. Percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate, protein and fats were 50.7±10.1%, 15.7±5.0% and 33.3±10.2% respectively. Insufficient intake of protein, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B12, calcium, magnesium and zinc were 25.0%, 46.2%, 18.0%, 21.7%, 98.5%, 31.7%, 69.6%, 59.4%, and 42.3%, respectively. Insufficiency of calcium was seen as 72.2% and iron was seen as 17.7% among elderly women, and these proportions were found significantly higher than insufficiencies among elderly men. Insufficient intake of energy and nutrients cause various health problems in the elderly. Therefore, studies on the evaluation of the intake of energy and nutrients and nutrition education may contribute the high quality of life.
In recent years, there has been growing concern on global environmental sustainability. Increased economic activities, especially in industrial countries, has been recognized as yielding environmental pollution, and manufacturing activities is no exception to this. The assessment of environmental performance is important to monitor and evaluate firm performance not only in terms of economic efficiency but also ecological efficiency in order to achieve environmental sustainability. This study applies the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and directional distance function (DDF) approaches to evaluate the technical efficiency and ecological efficiency, respectively, of manufacturing industries in Malaysia at the state level, over the period of 2004 until 2009, by using a joint production framework involving desirable and undesirable outputs. The results show that Melaka, Pulau Pinang, Sarawak and Labuan are fully eco-efficient while Terengganu appears to be the least efficient. Based on the findings, this paper provides suggestions that can be used by policy makers and manufacturers with regard to improvement of efficiency while achieving environmental sustainability.
This paper presents the Design, analysis and implementation of Zero Voltage switching in the voltage Lift Positive Output DC-DC Converter for wide range of load with lower switching losses. Here dSpic4811 Microcontroller is used to generate the pulse signal with variable duty cycle. This converter finds applications in constant and variable power supply systems as well as in communication systems. The performance of this converter was experimented for different loads and duty cycles. The results reveal that the ZVS is achieved in all aspects and switching losses are reduced. As a result the efficiency of the converter is improved ultimately to 80% at k=0.6.
Abstract\nThe water shortages in Jordan have made the urban water problem a central policy issue. The government directed all concerned agencies to develop a short, medium and long-term strategy for addressing the impending water crisis. Water authorities attempt to reduce the demand on fresh water and full cost recovery by using price policies. They increase the price of municipal water many times during the last five years. This study focuses on understanding the nature of household demand for water in Amman-Zarka basin, including estimation of residential demand functions for water by income classes and spatial distribution. The residential water demand function based on cross-section data of 1360 household is estimated using instrumental variables (IV) estimation techniques. The residential water demand is characterized by levels of water demanded in relation to marginal price, rate structure premium, level of household income and other welfare indicators. The results show that the estimated residential water demand elasticity is negative and weakly responsive to price (-0.47) for the basin, (-0.62 for Amman and -0.004 for Zarka. Households with lower incomes responded less to higher water prices than wealthier household groups, not as hypothesized. This mean that the demand function, below certain levels becomes insensitive to increases in price. Household size, level of welfare, education, and number of bathrooms are positively correlated with water demand. Therefore, the low price elasticity of residential water demand suggests that the price mechanism is not appropriate tools for water conservation in a country with a high water scarcity. However, market segmentation, technological change in water device and non-price policies can be used as conservation tools for residential water. Therefore, further development and evaluation of non-price conservation policies for municipal uses of water should be undertaken. \n\nKeywords: Residential Water Demand, Price and Income Elasticities, Econometric Model.
Water resources are important for satisfying human needs, ensuring food production, energy and the restoration of ecosystems, as well as for social and economic development and for sustainable development. The demand for water grows along with the world\'s population. Water pumping is one of the most important infrastructures where ever mankind is settled. It allows getting water from a location where it exists in large quantities to a location where it is required. Also industry and agriculture may use large amounts of pumped water. In this paper the performance characteristics of PV fed PMDC motor is studied using MATLAB simulation and the experimental results of PV array based PMDC motor feeding to water pumping system are obtained.
Malay language is a major language of the Austronesian family. It is the national language of Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei, and it is also one of the official languages of Singapore and Southern Thailand. With this, Malay language has also been a major course in most universities in the world, including one of the universities in Korea, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. This study focuses on the use of Malay language among Korean learners of Media. The objectives of the study were to investigate the use of media among Korean students in understanding the Malay language and to discuss the influence of media among students. The subjects of the study consist of 16 female and male Korean students from a class of Media and Malay Language course at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Korea. The subjects wrote in their blogs everyday for three weeks using the Malay language. The findings showed that blog writing had played a very important role in disseminating the use of Malay language among Korean students. The findings also found that subjects showed confidence in writing in the Malay language. The study implicates educators and students who intend to study the Malay language. It is hoped that future research will concentrate on the use of other technologies in learning the Malay language.
Let G be a group and $\\omega(G)$ be the set of element orders of G. Let $k\\in \\omega(G)$ and $m_{k}$ be the number of elements of order k in G. Let $nse(G)=\\{m_{k}\\big|k\\in \\omega(G)\\}$. In this note, we prove that Thompson\'s Conjecture is true for $L_{5}(2)$, where $L_{5}(2)$ is the projective special linear group of degree 5 over the finite field of order 2.
In well-organized Oral Drug administration, the process of disintegration and dissolution is governed to determine the rate of release of drug from the tablet to know the drug availability. In order to formulate orally fast disintegrating tablet (FDT), the effect of β-Cyclodextrin on disintegration is used which can drastically increase the rate of dissolution of oral dosage. Different formulation of same oral dosage which contains β-Cyclodextrin polymer as a disintegrant is considered for the comparative dissolution analysis. The cluster analysis technique of data mining is proposed to show that the tablets containing β-Cyclodextrin polymer as a disintegrant enhances the rate of dissolution and reduces the disintegration time. For the cluster analysis technique, sample data of the measured dissolution rate of different formulation of Paracetamol conventional tablets containing β-Cyclodextrin polymer as a disintegrant were used, in which the it depicts the drug release at every 5 min of time interval. The drug release of the Paracetamol tablet from a particular formulation is taken on 30th min and compared with the other formulation. Finally the significant method of formulation is identified and thus the fast dissolution rate of soluble drug was attained using cluster analysis technique of data mining. Microsoft Business Intelligence Analysis Service 2008 software is used to ensure the cluster analysis technique. Sample statistical data were passed as input to this analysis services tool to find a feasible formulation method using cluster analysis technique of data mining. The results show that the tablets containing β-Cyclodextrin polymer as a disintegrant enhances the rate of dissolution and reduces the disintegration time. However this polymer requires limited process stages which can morally reduce the disintegration time as compared to the commercially available tablets which dearth β-Cyclodextrin. This polymer may be helpful in developing revolutionary formulation and dosage forms which would enhance the drug soluble and dissolution rate in future.
A resource scheduling algorithm that can handle multiple resource requirements for jobs that arrive in a Grid Computing Environment is proposed. The objective of the three dimensional scheduling algorithm is to obtain minimal execution schedule through efficient management of available resources. The three dimensions under consideration are computation, data and deadline. Resource selection and scheduling is done by the computation of these dimensions. A 3D Virtual map is constructed using the above three dimensions to describe the virtual topology of the job’s resource requirements. The algorithm considers both the capabilities of sites and job’s resource requirements. The algorithm has the capability to adapt to both serial and parallel job requirements. Performance metrics like average wait time and queue completion time are used to compare this algorithm with some commonly used algorithms
A rich collection of 1298 individuals belonging to 54 species from 9 families of Odonata were successfully collected in Selangor. Anisopterans (701 individuals) were found to be more abundant than Zygopterans (597 individuals). Libellulidae (Suborder: Anisoptera) was the most abundant family of odonates in Selangor with 49.11% recorded. Frequency distribution of species showed that Euphaea ochracea was the most abundant followed by Neurobasis chinensis and Neurothemis fluctuans. Preference habitat of odonates was tropical lowland rainforest (TLR) area where high species diversity was found compared to the open areas (OP). This was supported by the higher richness index (R) value in the TLR of 7.26 compared to the OP with 4.46. Similarly, diversity indices (H’) and evenness indices (R) showed higher values in TLR with 3.22 and 0.8 than in the OP with 2.83 and 0.7.
This paper introduces a novel technique to identify and block objectionable images in websites. The existing filters fail when face detection becomes almost impossible. The proposed algorithm aims to improve the performance of existing filters. An image centered pixel scanning method is proposed. A better performance is achieved by analyzing for human color and shape along with image centered pixel scanning analysis. The simulation results of this proposed algorithm is discussed and an enhanced filter is designed to improve the performance.
The present study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in hemodialysis patients in Gorgan. 142 hemodialysis patients were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from each patient for the measurements of biochemical parameters. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 56.3%. There was a significant difference in different parameters of patients when comparing those with and without metabolic syndrome. Low HDL cholesterol was the most common abnormality (69.71%). There was abdominal obesity in males (17.5%) vs. females (72.5%), elevated triglyceride levels in males, abnormal glucose metabolism (41.7% vs. 58.3%) and hypertension (38.9% vs. 58.3%). Low HDL cholesterol levels (males: 78.1% vs.52.6%) and abdominal obesity (females: 87.5% vs. 12.5%; males: 62.5% vs.13.2%) were high in patients with metabolic syndrome, respectively. There was also elevated triglyceride levels (42.5% vs. 11.3 %) abnormal glucose metabolism (56.3% vs. 9.7%) high systolic blood pressure (61.3% vs. 35.5%). Determination of metabolic syndrome may able us to estimate coronary heart disease and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Metabolic syndrome could show the important role in the predictive implications for hemodialysis patients. These findings permit to us that prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome may decrease risk of chronic kidney disease.
Abstract— Drowsy driving has been implicated as a causal factor in many accidents. Therefore, real-time drowsiness monitoring can prevent traffic accidents effectively. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a recording of electric fields of signals emerging from neural currents within the brain and is measured by placing electrodes on the scalp. The electrical dipoles of eyes change by eye movements and blinks, producing a signal known as electrooculogram (EOG). A fraction of EOGs contaminate the electrical activity of the brain and these contaminating potentials are commonly referred to as Ocular artifacts (OA) and these are 10-100 times stronger than EEG signal which is being recorded. OA severely limit the utility of the recorded EEG and thus need to be removed for better clinical evaluation. Removing artifacts from EEG signal may simplify the diagnosis of doctors, because artifacts disturb their attention. Most of the existing physiological signal monitoring systems can only record the signals without the capability of automatic analysis. Several approaches were proposed for the detection and prediction of drowsiness. A novel automatic identification and removal of OA from EEG for a wireless brain–computer interface (BCI) using wavelet transform is proposed to monitor the human cognitive state and provide biofeedback to the vehicle driver when drowsy state occurs. It does not affect the low frequency components in the non-OA zones and also preserves the shape (waveform) of the EEG signal in non-artifact zones which is of crucial significance in clinical diagnosis. Moreover, it provides good results of detections of drowsy states of the driver and finally can be implemented in Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) processor.
Malay quatrain was introduced to students who studied Malay language and literature in the universities from all over the world. It is one of the Malay literature genres. Therefore, this study aims to introduce Malay quatrain among Korean learners. The objectives of the study are to investigate and discuss Korean students’ perceptions and aesthetic values toward Malay quatrains. The subjects of the study involved a class of 18 Korean students from Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Korea. All of the subjects are majoring in Malay-Indonesian Interpretation and Translation, thus, they have been exposed to Malay quatrains in the previous semester. The subjects were interviewed informally on their perceptions toward Malay quatrains. The subjects were divided into groups of threes and fours in order for them to discuss the Malay quatrain. The results of the study found that the subjects showed great interest and understanding toward the Malay quatrain and moreover, they had learned the aesthetic values in the Malay quatrains. The study has given implication toward educators and students who studied Malay language and literature in appreciating the Malay quatrain. It is hoped that future research will investigate in depth on the aesthetic values of two stanzas of Malay quatrains.
The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between job characteristics with the quality of work life of elementary school teachers. The population of this research is all of the east Azerbaijan elementary teachers in 90-91 that are about 12136 individuals and 706 of them are chosen through Cocran formula and multi-stage cluster sampling. In This descriptive-solidarity research, Questionnaires of Valton`s quality of work life and John Vagner`s job recognition are used after confirming the formal validity (through the pilot study) and content validity (through a comprehensive review of research literature and expert judgment). \nData analysis is done using SPSS statistical software with Pearson correlation test, Friedman test, F test and T test and the results showed that there is a direct significant relationship between job characteristics and teacher`s quality of work life and it`s dimensions. The major components of quality of work life of teachers are constitutionalism in the organization, social integration in the organization, opportunity for continued growth and security, social dependency, human capacity development, environment, safe and healthy work conditions, total life settings, to adequate and fair compensation.
Malay literature is learnt in order to understand and appreciate the content of each literature genres related to Malay culture. This study aims at the small group interaction among students during discussion in Malay literature learning among Korean learners. The objectives of the study were to discuss and analyze the discussion among Korean students learning the Malay literature. The subjects were 10 subjects in a class of Malay-Indonesia Contemporary Literature at the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Korea. The subjects were 7 male and 3 female students. They were divided into groups of fives. The subjects were given a task in discussing the Malay literature genres as in Malay poem and poetry. The subjects were given two hours each week for three weeks. The discussion was videotaped and observed. Selected extracts in the interactions were analyzed and discussed. The interactions in the small group were analyzed by using the ethnography communication analysis. The results of the study revealed that the subjects were able to discuss, understand and appreciate the Malay literature as in Malay poem and poetry. The subjects were happy and contented in giving opinions and ideas during the discussion. It is hoped that future studies will concentrate on the use of media technology in learning Malay literature among Korean learners.
Abstract\nAlthough the Middle East is growing as a tourist region yet there are many challenges that need to be addresses to increase tourism in the Middle East and in Saudi Arabia, especially. The development in the industry of tourism is all about opening doors to the revenue and to the employment. Future of Saudi Arabia is very bright regarding tourism as there are very less security issues but desert environment is restricted and not supporting tourism regarding dressing, socio-cultural activities and lack of hospitality industry. International tourism offers chances for the economic diversification of modern GCC nations, as well as ways to help bump up a sense of national recognition and nationhood. After a brief review of tourism in Saudi Arabia in order to set the scene, this paper reports on challenges and solutions and future of the Saudi Arabian tourism industry. The methodology is explained and factors identified as likely to have an impact on tourism in Saudi Arabia are assessed. The implication of these changing circumstances for the planning and marketing of Saudi Arabian tourism are discussed in a final section. Opportunities ahead are highlighted, but the limitations to be overcome these challenges are also identified.\n\nKeywords: Tourism, challenges, socio-cultural, hospitality industry, economic diversification.
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of various iron concentrations (2.5 to 80 mg/L) on biomass, chlorophyll-a, total carbohydrate and total protein contents of 10 cyanobacterial species. Biomass, chlorophyll-a, protein and carbohydrate contents in all of cyanobacterial species were measured by spectrophotometric method. High concentrations of iron are toxic to these organisms causing severe inhibition of such physiological processes as growth, chlorophyll-a, carbohydrate and protein content. Biomasses and other parameters of four strains were repressed by 40 mg/L iron concentrations. The physiological parameters of six cyanobacterial strains were stimulated at lower iron concentrations (2.5 mg/L). But, in the high concentrations of iron are more than 40 mg/L, biomass and other parameters of three strains were completely reduced. However Anabaena sp. GO3 was completely supressed by 20 mg/L iron concentration.
The purpose of this paper is to scrutinize the attitude of university students towards advertising on social-networking sites (SNS). The study examined how infotainment, credibility, irritation along with personalized product, price and promotion content affect the value generated through social-networking site\'s advertisement (SNA) and how the value generated mediates the relationship between the antecedents and the consumer’s attitude towards SNA. A deductive, quantitative research approach was adopted, where data was collected using a questionnaire administered to a sample of 310 university students. The results showed that consumers take SNA as infotaining, credible and do not consider it as irritating. They enjoy the personalized content of product, promotion, and price of SNA. They have more of advertisement value, and shows positive attitude towards SNA. Advertisement value have found to mediate relationship between infotainment, credibility, irritation and consumers’ attitude towards SNA, but fails to mediate personalized product, price and promotion content. Managers need to build mutually satisfying long-term relationships with key constituents in order to earn and retain their business. Manager should develop the proper strategies for being socialized on social-networking sites. The paper enables marketing managers to assess how to utilize the newer media in order to generate value for consumers and get maximum long-term benefits for the company.
The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth description of the inter-relationship between firm size, growth, and profitability of non-financial companies listed at Karachi stock exchange. The study is based on the sample of 70 (seventy) non-financial companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchange of Pakistan, selected on the basis of their market capitalization. Panel data techniques were employed using 700 observations of each of the variables of study; size (log natural of total assets), growth (sustainable growth rate for firm) and profitability (return on assets). Observations are collected for ten years (2001-2010). The study concluded that there is study reveals that all the profitability has strong positive relationship with the growth of the firm; however size has less significant and negative impact on the profitability. One suggestion for further research would be to replicate the study in order to get more cases. Furthermore, it would be valuable to take a more long-term focus to examine the described relationships in the long run. The paper highlights the importance of these measures which are generally used for performance evaluation. Paper sets out the criteria that under which situations the company should focus which of the measure, so that company may derive its strategies on that way. This paper improves our preferences about the three major measures of the firm. Moreover, it contributes to the literature of financial management that how these three measures have trade-off between them.
The cryptography and cryptanalysis have played a great role in creating a secure environment to ensconce data. The unbreakable protection is yet to be achieved. The failure mainly stems from the fact that any encryption cannot be truly random. In this paper, a new block ciphering algorithm, MBK-128 (MD5, Blowfish cipher with key length of 128 bits) is described. The MBK-128 is a symmetric key encryption block cipher that has a 64-bit word size, specialized S-box and 128-bit random key generator. The MBK-128 includes the cryptographic features by many successive XORing of the plain text with the initial key and final key. The main goal of designing MBK-128 is to increase randomness and scrambling of bits to ensure less probability of cracking. Due to high level of scrambling our MBK-128 algorithm produces high Avalanche effect when compared with other existing encryption algorithm. By utilizing the MBK-128 algorithms along with specialized S-boxes a high level of scrambling is created that makes this algorithm a truly unique one in the archives of cryptography.
Although organizational innovativeness has received much academic interest in recent years, our understanding of the effects of external organizational factors on innovativeness in housing industry is still underdeveloped. In examining the influence of external organizational factors on innovativeness among housing developers in Malaysia, we draw a theoretical perspective to develop hypotheses that propose government innovation policy, environmental uncertainty and market compotition as organizational factors influencing innovativeness. We therefore examine the direct relationship between independent variables (external organizational factors) and the dependent variable (organization innovativeness). Approach: We used the proportionate stratified random sampling to collect data from the micro, small, large and public listed housing developers in Peninsular Malaysia. We received 183 valid questionnaires out of 504 distributed, yielding 36.3% response rate. Result: Consistent with previous studies, all the dimensions of external factors examined in this study were found to have positive relationship and strong influence on innovativeness among housing developers in Malaysia. Conclusion/Recommendation: The findings from this study suggest that to enhance the innovativeness in the Malaysian housing industry, managers and chief executives need to manage their organization external factors seriously. It is hoped that our findings complement the existing body of knowledge and contribute to future studies which concern innovativeness.
The condition of cardiac health is given by ECG and heart rate. A study of the\nwavelet energy of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals for arrhythmia characterization\nis considered. This work introduces novel wavelet feature extraction method\nfor congestive heart failure derived from the percentage energy (PE) of terminal\nwavelet packet transform (WPT) sub signals termed WPE. Probabilistic neural network\n(PNN) is proposed for classification. The presented method is shown to provide\npotentially effective discrimination in an automated diagnostic process. The\nECG signals taken from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database are used to classify different\narrhythmias together with normal ECG. Three published methods were investigated\nfor comparison. The best recognition rate selection obtained was for WPE.\nThe recognition performance was accomplished as 90.01% accurate. It is also suggested\nto analyze the presented system in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)\nenvironment. It was concluded that the proposed approach of automating classification\nis worth pursuing with larger samples to validate and extend the present\nstudy
This paper deals with the problem of estimation of the stress-strength function , when\nX and Y are two independent but not identically distributed random variables belonging to the\nexponentiated Frechet (EF) distribution. Different estimators of R, namely, maximum likelihood,\nuniformly minimum variance unbiased and Bayes are derived in closed form. Also two - sided\nconfidence interval for R is obtained. We discuss the reliability in multi-component model. Finally,\nsimulation studies which compare the estimators are presented.
Abstract\nThe main purpose of this study was to develop a graphical user interface that could segment anatomical structures from Region of Interest (ROI) in medical digital images. It highlights the concerned area in the image that is under analysis. The method has been implemented on the digital images obtained from clinical environment produced by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Since quick analysis of a lot of medical imaging data is necessary for diagnosing different diseases by radiologists. Therefore, the proposed method addresses the anatomical structure knowledge based upon brain MRI histogram analysis and achieves the required processing speed. This method is successfully applied without loss of original information. Furthermore, it also reduces computational complexity as compared to the previous research results in this field. This method provides the promising results. Moreover the proposed method may be applied on other imaging modalities in efficient manner for better results.\nKeywords: MR image, Supervised and unsupervised segmentation, Anatomical structure, Radiologists
In the world of ever growing globalization, South Asia is examined against well acknowledged development indicators and compared with other regions of the world. Unfortunately, despite being host to the two nuclear countries of the world, the region\\\'s progress has not been any promising.
